음운론 문제풀 때는 딱히 구분할 필요는 없습니다. 셋 다 비슷하게 사용되고, 학자들마다 조금씩 다르게 정의를 내리고 쓰기도 하니까요. 그러나 derived word, underived word는 꼭 구분해야하고, 접사가 붙기 전의 형태를 root나 base (어떤 책은 stem이라하기도)라 함을 기억하면됩니다.
그래도 구분해서 정리해보면, morphology 의 권위자, Katamb에 따르면,
단어의미의 근간이 되는 요소가 root.
Inflectional affix나 derivational affix가 붙기 전의 상태는 base.
특히, inflectional affix가 붙기 전의 형태가 stem.
1. Root
A root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to.
Root는 단어에서 의미의 근간이 되는 부분인데, free morpheme, 독립된 단어일수도 있고 (helpful의 help) 다른 접사들이 붙어야하는 bound morpheme 일수도 있다. (remit, commit, transmit등의 -mit)
‘Walk’ is a root and it appears in the set of word-forms that instantiate the lexeme ‘walk’ such as ‘walk, walks, walking, and walked’
2. Stem
The stem is that part of a word that is in existence before any inflectional affixes have been attached.
예1) In the form of ‘cats’, the plural inflectional suffix -s is attached to the simple stem ‘cat’, which is a bare root, that is, the irreducible core of the word.
예2) In ‘walkers’, the same inflectional -s suffix comes after a slightly more complex stem consisting of the root ‘walk’ plus the suffix ‘-er’. Here ‘walk’ is the root, but ‘walker’ is the base to which ‘-s’ is attached.
3. Base
A base is any unit whatever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes, or derivational affixes.
예1) ‘boy’ can be a base since It can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural ‘boys’ or derivational affixes like -ish to turn the noun ‘boy’ into the adjective ‘boyish’.
In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology.
#Base #Stem #Root #형태론 #Morphology #Phonology
#임용전공영어 #진미주 #임용전공영어진미주 #음운론기본
#임용시험준비 #지스쿨박진이팀진미주 #DioJin #Affix
#Suffix #Prefix #inflectionalMorphology #DerivationalMorphology