She lived in this manner till she was sixteen, when the nephew of the old ladies, a rich young prince, and a university student, came to stay with his aunts, and Katusha, not daring to acknowledge it even to herself, fell in love with him.
Then two years later this same nephew stayed four days with his aunts before proceeding to join his regiment, and the night before he left he betrayed Katusha, and, after giving her a 100-rouble note, went away. Five months later she knew for certain that she was to be a mother. After that everything seemed repugnant to her, her only thought being how to escape from the shame that awaited her. She began not only to serve the ladies in a half-hearted and negligent way, but once, without knowing how it happened, was very rude to them, and gave them notice, a thing she repented of later, and the ladies let her go, noticing something wrong and very dissatisfied with her. Then she got a housemaid's place in a police-officer's house, but stayed there only three months, for the police officer, a man of fifty, began to torment her, and once, when he was in a specially enterprising mood, she fired up, called him "a fool and old devil," and gave him such a knock in the chest that he fell. She was turned out for her rudeness. It was useless to look for another situation, for the time of her confinement was drawing near, so she went to the house of a village midwife, who also sold wine. The confinement was easy; but the midwife, who had a case of fever in the village, infected Katusha, and her baby boy had to be sent to the foundlings' hospital, where, according to the words of the old woman who took him there, he at once died. When Katusha went to the midwife she had 127 roubles in all, 27 which she had earned and 100 given her by her betrayer.
When she left she had but six roubles; she did not know how to keep money, but spent it on herself, and gave to all who asked.
그녀가 떠났을때 그녀는 단지 60 루블만을 가지고 있었습니다.
The midwife took 40 roubles for two months' board and attendance,
25 went to get the baby into the foundlings' hospital, and
40 the midwife borrowed /to buy a cow with.
그 중년부인은 두달 동안의 숙박과 참석(참여)한 대한 댓가로 40 루블을 가져갔는데
25 루블은(25가 또 다른 주어입니다) 쓰였다(went to) 그 아이를 고아들을 위한 병원에 데려다주는데에 그리고
그 중년부인이 빌려온 40 루블은(또 다른 주어, 뒤에 went가 생략되었습니다) 소 한 마리를 사기 위해서 쓰였다.
with는 전치사와 부사 두가지 기능이 있는데 여기서는 부사로 보시는것이 맞을 듯 합니다.
총 주어 세 개: The midwife/ 25/ 40
총 동사 두 개: took/ went / (went) 세번째 동사는 주어의 형태가 숫자로 25, 40여서 동사 하나를 생략한 걸로 보입니다.
-수고하셨습니다.
녹색의 문장을 이해하게 된 과정을 설명해 보겠습니다.
1. 40 이 주어처럼 보임. 왜냐면 앞에 25가 주어로 사용된 내용이 나와서 가능성을 가짐.
그러나 동사가 안보임. 주어가 다른 것인가 하고 의아해봄
2. the midwife를 주어로 생각해 봄. 그러면 뒤에 borrowed가 동사처럼 연결되어서
우선 정리는 됨.
그렇다면 "소 한 마리를 사기 위해서 빌렸다 40 루블을(의미상)" 로 이해할 수 있음.
그러나 목적어로 볼 수 있을 40 이 앞에 나가있음. 이렇게 볼 수도 있으나
앞에서는 분명 "25 went to~"로 주어가 25이고 동사가 went인데
왜 갑자기 40이 나오고 주어가 다시 the midwife로 써서 목적어를 굳이
앞으로 빼두었을까? 하고 의문을 가질 수 있음.
그렇다면 이 단락은
The midwife took...,
25 went to...and
the midwife borrowed
주어와 동사를 정리하면 이처럼 정리가 될 수 있다.
문장을 쓴 것이면 이해하기 편하게
"그 중년부인은 취했고...
25 루블은 쓰였고... 그리고
그 중년부인은..40 루블을..." 이렇게 연결이 되는데
차라리 중년부인을 한번만 써서 주어로 정리하고 뒷 부분에 25 루블을 주어로 써서
쓰면 이해하기 쉬울텐데..라고 생각해 볼 수 있음.
3. 25가 주어 went가 동사였으니
40을 주어로 다시 생각해 본다 그렇다면 이 40에 해당되는 동사를 찾아야 한다.
그런데 동사가 안 보인다.
다시 the midwife borrowed를 생각해 본다. 이것이 한 덩어리임은 틀림없다
의미상 누가 무엇을 빌렸다로 생각할 수 있으니까.
그런데 여기서 내 생각을 확실히 잡은 것은,
borrowed. 빌렸다. 빌렸다!? 무엇을???(빌렸다면 분명 무엇을 빌렸는데 대상이 나와야 한다. 뒤의 to buy이하는 우선 생각하지 말자. 동사에만 초점을 맞추고 나서. 그 뒤에 생각하자)
그렇다면
40 (that) the midwife borrowed (?-> 40!)/
그 중년부인이 빌렸던 40 루블은/ 의미 전달이 가능해진다.
40 the mid wife borrowed / 그 중년부인이 빌렸던 40 루블은
/to buy a cow with 소 한마리를 사기 위해서 (목적, 이유라 말 할 수 있다.)
그렇다면 동사는?
아! 앞에서 구조가 25 went to 동사원형(get)이 쓰였기 때문에
40 (went) to 동사원형(buy) 구조로 이어진다.
영어에서는 반복을 피하기 위해서 동사를 생략할 경우가 있으니
25 went to get~
40 went to buy~
이렇게 25와 40이 각각 주어로 사용되어서
결국
The midwife는 한번만 주어로 쓰고
다음에 돈을 주어로 두 번 사용한 걸 이해하기에 이른다
+ 결론: 1. 문장은 자연스러운 흐름
(쉽게, 최대한 상식적을 이용하여서)
을 따라가도록 한다
(주어가 중년부인 나왔다가 돈나왔다가 다시 그 중년부인 나오면 아무래도 좀 왔다 갔다 한다)
2. 동사를 보면
늘 동사의 뜻을 생각해서
그 뒤에 상식적인 생각으로
무엇을, 누구를, 왜, 등
의문을 갖는 습관을
항상 가진다.
위의 1번과 2번이 위의 문장을 이해하는데 반드시 필요했고
만일 하나라도 간과했다면
위의 문장을 제대로 이해할 수 없었을 것이다
이해를 돕기 위한 저의 이해과정이었기에
존칭은 생략하였음을 알립니다.
Thank you for your listening.
Twenty roubles went just for clothes and dainties. Having nothing left to live on, Katusha had to look out for a place again, and found one in the house of a forester. The forester was a married man, but he, too, began to annoy her from the first day. He disgusted her, and she tried to avoid him. But he, more experienced and cunning, besides being her master, who could send her wherever he liked, managed to accomplish his object.
His wife found it out, and, catching Katusha and her husband in a room all by themselves, began beating her.
그의 아내가 그것을 알아내고서는, 한 방안에 카츄사와 자신의 남편 그들 모두가 있는것을 발각하고서(붙잡고서catching) (all by themselves, 그들 스스로에 의한 모두) 그녀를 때리기 시작했다.
His wife found it out and, began beating her.
Katusha defended herself, and they had a fight, and Katusha got turned out of the house without being paid her wages.
Then Katusha went to live with her aunt in town. The aunt's husband, a bookbinder, had once been comfortably off, but had lost all his customers, and had taken to drink, and spent all he could lay hands on at the public-house. The aunt kept a little laundry, and managed to support herself, her children, and her wretched husband. She offered Katusha the place of an assistant laundress; but seeing what a life of misery and hardship her aunt's assistants led, Katusha hesitated, and applied to a registry office for a place. One was found for her with a lady who lived with her two sons, pupils at a public day school. A week after Katusha had entered the house the elder, a big fellow with moustaches, threw up his studies and made love to her, continually following her about. His mother laid all the blame on Katusha, and gave her notice.
It so happened that, after many fruitless attempts to find a situation, Katusha again went to the registry office, and there met a woman with bracelets on her bare, plump arms and rings on most of her fingers. Hearing that Katusha was badly in want of a place, the woman gave her her address, and invited her to come to her house. Katusha went. The woman received her very kindly, set cake and sweet wine before her, then wrote a note and gave it to a servant to take to somebody. In the evening a tall man, with long, grey hair and a white beard, entered the room, and sat down at once near Katusha, smiling and gazing at her with glistening eyes. He began joking with her. The hostess called him away into the next room, and Katusha heard her say, "A fresh one from the country," Then the hostess called Katusha aside and told her that the man was an author, and that he had a great deal of money, and that if he liked her he would not grudge her anything. He did like her, and gave her 25 roubles, promising to see her often. The 25 roubles soon went; some she paid to her aunt for board and lodging; the rest was spent on a hat, ribbons, and such like. A few days later the author sent for her, and she went. He gave her another 25 roubles, and offered her a separate lodging.
Next door to the lodging rented for her by the author there lived a jolly young shopman, with whom Katusha soon fell in love. She told the author, and moved to a little lodging of her own. The shopman, who promised to marry her, went to Nijni on business without mentioning it to her, having evidently thrown her up, and Katusha remained alone. She meant to continue living in the lodging by herself, but was informed by the police that in this case she would have to get a license. She returned to her aunt. Seeing her fine dress, her hat, and mantle, her aunt no longer offered her laundry work. As she understood things, her niece had risen above that sort of thing. The question as to whether she was to become a laundress or not did not occur to Katusha, either. She looked with pity at the thin, hard-worked laundresses, some already in consumption, who stood washing or ironing with their thin arms in the fearfully hot front room, which was always full of soapy steam and draughts from the windows, and thought with horror that she might have shared the same fate.
Katusha had begun to smoke some time before, and since the young shopman had thrown her up she was getting more and more into the habit of drinking. It was not so much the flavour of wine that tempted her as the fact that it gave her a chance of forgetting the misery she suffered, making her feel more unrestrained and more confident of her own worth, which she was not when quite sober; without wine she felt sad and ashamed. Just at this time a woman came along who offered to place her in one of the largest establishments in the city, explaining all the advantages and benefits of the situation. Katusha had the choice before her of either going into service or accepting this offer--and she chose the latter. Besides, it seemed to her as though, in this way, she could revenge herself on her betrayer and the shopman and all those who had injured her. One of the things that tempted her, and was the cause of her decision, was the woman telling her she might order her own dresses--velvet, silk, satin, low-necked ball dresses, anything she liked. A mental picture of herself in a bright yellow silk trimmed with black velvet with low neck and short sleeves conquered her, and she gave up her passport. On the same evening the procuress took an isvostchik and drove her to the notorious house kept by Carolina Albertovna Kitaeva.
From that day a life of chronic sin against human and divine laws commenced for Katusha Maslova, a life which is led by hundreds of thousands of women, and which is not merely tolerated but sanctioned by the Government, anxious for the welfare of its subjects; a life which for nine women out of ten ends in painful disease, premature decrepitude, and death.