6 Advanced Grammar Concepts that Confuse most ESL Students

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6 Advanced Grammar Concepts that Confuse most ESL Students

Learning to write grammar can be confusing and also difficult to remember but with plenty of practice these grammar rules can be learnt.  ESL students will be helped by having a teacher to help with grammar both for speaking and for writing.  A teacher will give plenty of encouragement to ESL students and this will make the student feel more confident about writing more, practicing conversation and therefore becoming more fluent in all areas of English.

Here are 5 advanced grammar concepts that confuse most ESL students.

Pronunciation

영어 발음은 기본적으로 한글과 다른 발음도 많고

한 글자가 상황에 따라 달리 발음되기도 하며

발음되지도 않는 묵음에 연음으로 달라지거나 악센트 위치도 글자마다 다르기에

여간 배우기 힘든 것이 아니지만 한단어 한단어 배우면서 의미와 발음도 같이 배우노라면

머지않아 발음에 자신있게 되겠지만

그리않고 글자만 보고 대충 발음한다면 발음병은 영어불통병으로 귀결되리라 본다

There are many rules for English grammar, which need to be learnt when studying English as a second language but there are exceptions to these that also need to be learnt.  Here are a few examples of these exceptions regarding correct pronunciation.

Hard or soft ‘c’

‘c’ is pronounced as a hard ‘c’ in words like car, cold and cut (when followed by vowels a, o and u)

‘c’ is pronounced as a ‘s’ in words like cell, circle and cycle (when followed by vowels e, i and y).

Hard of soft ‘g”

‘g’ is pronounced as a ‘g’ sound in gate, go and gutter (when followed by vowels a, o and u)

‘g’ is pronounced as a ‘j’ sound in badger, gig and gym (when followed by vowels e, i and y).

Although these are pronunciation rules, the ESL student needs to be able to remember the rules when writing English.


Spelling

한글과는 달리 영어는 한 단어에 발음되지 않는 알파벳이 있는가 하면

한 글자가 하나 이상의 서로 다른 소리가 있어  발음과 철자가 일치하지 않는 경우가 많기에

소리로만 영어를 배우면 철자를 맞게 쓰는데 무지 고생을 하는데

오죽하면 원어민들도 철자를 틀리게 쓰는 경우가 많기에

웹 문서를 작성할 때 spell-checker 라는 프로그램의 도움이 필요하고

spelling bee 라는 철자 말하기 경진대회도 있는 상황이니 우린들 쉽게 넘어갈 사안이 아니다

‘i before e, except after the letter c’ is a very good saying to remember the correct order of these letters when learning English eg fierce, believe, piece or achieve.  After the letter ‘c’ the letters ‘i’ and ‘e’ are reversed eg receive, receipt, ceiling and perceive.  However there are exceptions to this rule eg foreign, their, seize and vein.  Sadly these just have to be learnt.

 
Doubling final letters can also confuse ESL learners when the tense of the word changes for example:

Stop in the present tense becomes stopped in the past tense and stopping in the present continuous tense.

Admit in the present tense becomes admitted in the past tense and admitting in the present continuous tense.

Practice and learning these grammar rules and their exceptions will help improve confidence when writing English.

 
Word order

한글과 어순이 다르기에 우리가 영어를 쓰고 말하는데 최악의 걸림돌이 되는건

우리 두뇌에서 한글과 다른 영어어순을 자동으로 전환하여 이해하게 할 수 있는 여건이 마련되어 있지 않는 때문이라

영어어순을 두뇌에 접목하는 훈련은 필수로 중요하다 하겠는데

영어를 한글로 해석하는 해석방식은

익숙해져야 할 영어어순을 흐트려서 한글어순에 맞게 고쳐 이해하는 것과 같아

절대로 영어어순에 친밀하게될 수 없으므로

영어어순에 따른 이해방식인 직해를 연습해야 우리 두뇌에 영어어순이 접목되어

영어를 자연스럽게 할 수 있게된다

 

Native English speakers know exactly what order to put words in when writing sentences.  To native English speakers it “sounds right” which can make it very difficult to explain to those learning English as a second language have to learn the correct order through practice. When using adjectives, for example the correct way is to say it is a small blue car not it is a blue small car.


Omitting words

문법을 무시하고 영어를 쓰면 빠지는 글자도 많지만 앞뒤 의미가 맞지 않게도 되므로

문법은 필수적으로 중요하다 하겠다

ESL students often omit words both in conversation and in grammar.  One of the easiest words to be forgotten is the verb to be.


Examples:

Incorrect:        I very happy as I go to New York to see my son
Correct:            I am very happy as I am going to New York to see my son

Incorrect:        America very big country.
Correct:            America is a very big country.

 As seen in the last example the word ‘a’ was omitted in the incorrect example but included in the correct example.

Learning to use all the words required in a sentence has to be learnt but can be achieved with practice.

Incorrect plurals of nouns

The meaning of a noun is a person, place or thing.  The problem with learning English grammar is that the plurals of nouns are not always obvious.

Here are examples of the plurals of most nouns:

1 jug                   2 jugs
1 cup                  2 cups
1 pen                 2 pens
1 chair              2 chairs
1 car                  2 cars

As we can see the letter ‘s’ is added to the singular form of the noun to make the plural form.

The following plurals are confusing and need to be learnt:

1 watch            2 watches
1 bus                  2 buses
1 match            2 matches
1 child               2 children
1 man                2 men
1 woman          2 women
1 baby               2 babies
1 sheep             2 sheep
1 tv series        2 tv series


Prepositions

전치사는 한글의 조사와 비슷한 역할인데

한글조사의 의미나 사용법에 맞지 않는 경우가 태반이므로

영어를 한글에 맞춤하여 쓰자면 틀릴 확률이 많기에

영어식의 전치사 사용법에 익숙해져야 한다

These prepositions help form sentence structure and describe a relationship between other words in sentences.  They need to be learnt by ESL students learning English.

Prepositions for time are the words on, at, for or in.

For example:

The train arrives at the station in 15 minutes.
I was born on the 10th January.
She lived in India for five years.

 
Other prepositions include for, in, up, down, for, behind, under, after, next, above, on, at, from and with.  Here are some examples:


Please tidy up the classroom.

After lunch we will go swimming.
She likes to jog in the morning.
His house is on Dunster road.
He sat behind the desk.
The plate is next to the jug.

 
One of the most commonly spoken languages in the world is English.  By learning all aspects of the English language, ESL students will feel confident about conversing with others in English, travelling, business and changing jobs.  There are more than 67 countries in the world that have English as their official language. There is a saying, which is “the world is my oyster” (written by William Shakespeare in his play merry wives of Windsor”) and means in today’s world that ‘we can do anything we want’.  The world is ‘our oyster’.  This is another good reason to learn English.