관타나메라(Guantanamera)는 관타나모(Guantanamo) 출신의 시골 소녀를 뜻한다. 쿠바의 독립영웅 호세 마르티(Jose Mart, 1853~1895)가 1889년 발표한 시 <소박한 시>가 1950년대에 <관타나메라>의 가사로 알려졌다. 호세 마르티는 16세에 독립전쟁인 10년 전쟁에 참가한 쿠바에서 제일로 알아주는 애국자이다. 그는 1892년 뉴욕에서 쿠바혁명당을 조직했고 1894년 쿠바에 상륙하는 독립전쟁 준비를 시작했다. 1895년 쿠바 동남부를 기점으로 제2차 독립전쟁을 시작했으나 그해 4월 정부군과 전투에서 사망했다. '관타나메라'의 작곡가는 호세이토 페르난데스이다.
▲호세 마르티(Jose Mart)
노래 'Guantanamera'의 가사의 내용은 다음과 같다.
관타나메라 과히라 관타나메라 관타나모의 농사짓는 아낙네여 나는 종려나무 고장에서 자라난 순박하고 성실한 사람이랍니다. 내가 죽기 전에 내 영혼의 시를 여기에 사랑하는 사람들에게 바치고 싶습니다. 내 시 구절들은 연두빛이지만 늘 정열에 활활 타고 있는 진홍색이랍니다. 나의 시는 상처를 입고 산에서 은신처를 찾는 새끼 사슴과 같습니다. 7월이면 난 1월처럼 흰 장미를 키우겠어요. 내게 손을 내민 성실한 친구를 위해 이 땅 위의 가난한 사람들과 내 행운을 나누고 싶습니다. 산 속의 냇물이 바다보다 더 큰 기쁨을 주는군요. 관타나메라 과히라 관타나메라 관타라메라 관타나모의 농사짓는 아낙네여
여기서 과히라(guajia)는 농사짓는 여인을 말한다. 관타나모는 쿠바 남동쪽에 위치한 지역으로 쿠바 속의 미국이나 마찬가지이다. 쿠바가 스페인에서 독립하려고 하던 1898년 스페인과의 전쟁 중에 미국이 개입해 이 땅을 강제로 차지했고 공식적으로는 임대하고 있으나 강탈이나 마찬가지이다. 관타나모는 미국의 가장 오래된 해외 기지로 국제법은 물론 미국법도 지키지 않는 초법적인 지역이다.
미국은 2001년 아프가니스탄에서 탈레반이나 알카에다 혐의로 체포한 사람들을 이곳에 억류했다. 미국 정부는 그들을 전쟁포로로서 정당한 대우를 하지 않았을 뿐 아니라 가족은 물론 변호사 접촉도 못한 상태에서 장기 구금을 하며 고문과 같은 가혹행위를 가하는 등 비인도적인 대우를 하여 국제앰네스티를 비롯한 많은 인권단체들과 유럽 각국의 비판을 초래했다.
출처: <역사와 함께 하는 쿠바 자전거 기행③> ‘쿠바혁명의 해방구 산티아고 데 쿠바까' 中, *글 이규봉 기자 <오마이뉴스> 2012년 10월 12일 노래를 들으시려면 상단 중앙의 배경음악은 잠시 꺼주세요~♬
We invite you to watch and enjoy another Song Around The World from our new album: "Guantanamera". We started the song with Carlos Varela in Havana and it features over 75 Cuban musicians around the world, from Havana and Santiago to Miami, Barcelona and Tokyo. We recorded and produced this track with Jackson Browne, who explains that "traveling with Playing For Change across Cuba was one of the most rewarding and inspiring musical experiences of my life."
Guantanamera, Guajira Guantanamera Guantanamera, Guajira Guantanamera
Yo soy un hombre sincero De donde crecen las palmas. Yo soy un hombre sincero De donde crecen las palmas. Y antes de morir me quiero Echar mis versos del alma.
Guantanamera, guajira guantanamera, Guantanamera, guajira guantanamera.
Mi verso es de un verde claro Y de un carmнn encendido. Mi verso es de un verde claro Y de un carmнn encendido. Mi verso es un ciervo herido Que busca en el monte amparo.
The words mean "I am a truthful man from the land of the palm trees. And before dying, I want to share these poems of my soul. My poems are soft green. My poems are also flaming crimson. My poems are like a wounded fawn seeking refuge in the forest.
The last verse says:'Con los pobres de la tierra'. With the poor people of this earth I want to share my fate. The streams of the mountains please me more than the sea."
(background) Por los pobres de la tierra Quiero yo mi suerte echar Por los pobres de la tierra Quiero yo mi suerte echar Y el arroyo de la sierra Me complace mбs que el mar
Guantanamera, guajira guantanamera, Guantanamera, guajira guantanamera. Guantanamera
"Guantanamera" (Spanish: "from Guantánamo [feminine]", thus "the one from Guantánamo") is perhaps the best known Cuban song and that country's most noted patriotic song. In 1966, a version by American vocal group The Sandpipers, based on an arrangement by Pete Seeger, became an international hit.
History Music The music for the song is sometimes attributed to José Fernández Diaz, known as Joseíto Fernández, who claimed to have written it at various dates (consensus puts 1929 as its year of origin), and who used it regularly in one of his radio programs. Some claim that the song's structure actually came from Herminio "El Diablo" García Wilson, who could be credited as a co-composer. García's heirs took the matter to court decades later but lost the case: the Supreme Court of Cuba credited Fernández as the sole composer of the music in 1993. Regardless of either claim, Fernández can safely be claimed as being the first public promoter of the song, through his radio programs.
Lyrics Original lyrics and José Fernández The lyrics to the song, as written by José Fernández, are about a woman from Guantánamo, with whom he had a romantic relationship, and who eventually left him. The alleged real story behind these lyrics (or at least one of many versions of the song's origin that Fernández suggested during his lifetime) is that she did not have a romantic interest in him, but merely a platonic one. If the details are to be believed, she had brought him a steak sandwich one day as a present to the radio station where he worked. He stared at some other woman (and attempted to flirt with her) while eating the sandwich, and his friend yanked it out of his hands in disgust, cursed him and left. He never saw her again. These words are rarely sung today.
Another history behind the chorus and its lyrics ("Guantanamera … / Guajira Guantanamera …") is similar: García claimed he was at a street corner with a group of friends and made a courteous pass (a polite pick-up line, like "your mother made you good" or "you came from a star", piropo in Spanish) to a woman (who also happened to be from Guantánamo) who walked by the group. She answered back rather harshly, offended by the pass. Stunned, he could not take his mind off her reaction while his friends made fun of him; later that day, sitting at a piano with his friends near him, he wrote the song's main refrain.
Adaptation from the Versos Sencillos by José Martí The better known "official" lyrics are based on selections from the poetry collection Versos Sencillos (Simple Verses) by Cuban poet and independence hero José Martí, as adapted by Julián Orbón. Given Martí's significance to the Cuban people, the use of his poem in the song virtually elevated it to unofficial anthem status in the country. The four verses of the song were adapted from four stanzas of Versos sencillos, each from a different poem. They are presented here in the original Spanish (poem:stanza).
I:1 Yo soy un hombre sincero De donde crece la palma, Y antes de morirme quiero Echar mis versos del alma.
V:3 Mi verso es de un verde claro Y de un carmín encendido: Mi verso es un ciervo herido Que busca en el monte amparo.
XXXIX:1 Cultivo una rosa blanca En junio como enero, Para el amigo sincero Que me da su mano franca.
III:2 Con los pobres de la tierra Quiero yo mi suerte echar: El arroyo de la sierra Me complace más que el mar.
Use as social "newspaper" Given the song's musical structure, which fits A-B-A-B (sometimes A-B-B-A) octosyllabic verses, "Guantanamera" lent itself from the beginning to impromptu verses, improvised on the spot, similar to what happens with the Mexican folk classic "La Bamba". Fernández's first use of the song was precisely this; he would comment on daily events on his radio program by adapting them to the song's melody, and then using the song as a show closer. Through this use, "Guantanamera" became a popular vehicle for romantic, patriotic, humorous, or social commentary lyrics, in Cuba and elsewhere in the Spanish speaking world.
Recorded versions Pete Seeger The version of the song created by Martí and Orbón was used by Pete Seeger as the basis of his reworked version, which he based on a performance of the song by Héctor Angulo. Seeger combined Martí's verse with the tune, with the intention that it be used by the peace movement at the time of the Cuban missile crisis. He urged that people sing the song as a symbol of unity between the American and Cuban peoples, and called for it to be sung in Spanish to "hasten the day [that] the USA... is some sort of bilingual country."
Seeger recorded the song in 1963 on his album We Shall Overcome, recorded live at Carnegie Hall. The recording is described by Stewart Mason at Allmusic as the "definitive version" of the song.
The Sandpipers The most commercially successful version of "Guantanamera" was recorded by easy listening vocal group The Sandpipers in 1966. Their recording was based on Pete Seeger's adaptation of the song. The recording was arranged by Mort Garson and produced by Tommy LiPuma. It reached no.9 on the Billboard Hot 100, and also reached no.7 on the UK singles chart. - from Wikipedia
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