[스크랩] wet,humid,sweat,moisture의 어원,물,수 水 한자상고음

[김판우]

물,수 水

물을 뜻하는 산스크리트어 apsu*  --->ap이 빠지고 su를 한자 발음으로 차용

했을 가능성이 있다.

통상적으로 볼때 

어근 sw 숩 , 습 혹은 수바 ,스바,스밧,스밭 swat이 한자 물,수 水의 오래된 발음이다.

더 거슬러 올라가면 툽,틉,트바,트밭 이다.

ㅌ-->th번데기-->ㅅ 혹은 ㅌ-->ㅊ-->ㅅ 발음변천 

물,수 水 발음은 습 숩 에서 w발음이 생략되면서 '수' 로 되는 것이다.

터키어에서는 su가 강 이라는 뜻과 물이라는 뜻이 있다.

투르크어로 살수 사르수 하면 노란강 즉 황하강을 뜻하는 것이다.

왜냐면 황하강 유역은 북방유목민족들의 땅이기 때문에 오랫동안 알타이어를 

쓰오던 지역이기 때문이다.

습도 할때 濕 젖을,습 과 어원이 같다.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯uba ( ~ -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *sVwV

Meaning: liquid

Borean: Borean

 

Borean (approx.) : CVWV

Meaning : liquid

Eurasiatic : *śVwV

Afroasiatic : *ḥVsaw-/*ḥVsay-

Sino-Caucasian : ?ST *śŭH 'wash'

Austric : PAA *suah 'wet, dip in', PAN *hisuq 'clean, wash, scrub, scour', *besaq 'wet, wash'

Amerind (misc.) : ? *si 'water' (R 825) [+ A] (? cf. also *iči 'water' R 832) [+ A K]

African (misc.) : Bantu *-cùp- 'pour' or *-cụ̀b- 'urinate'.

Notes : ST may be < Austric

Reference : МССНЯ 341, ND 2139, 2141.

Indo-European: *seu(H)- 'жидкость, лить' (Pok. 912-913) (? + *sAw- 'juice, squeeze the juice' 2392)

 

Proto-IE: *sūwe-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to rain

Tokharian: A, B su- / swāsā- 'to rain' (Adams 693)

Old Greek: hǖ́ei̯, aor. hǖ̂sai̯ `regnen; regnen lassen', hǖetó-s m. `Regen'

Albanian: ši `Regen'

Russ. meaning: идти (о дожде)

References: WP II 468 f, Buck 68.

Altaic: *si̯uba

 

Kartvelian: *św-

 

Proto-Kartvelian: *św-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: пить

English meaning: to drink

Georgian: sv-; sv-am- / sm-

Megrel: šu-, šv-; šu-m-

Svan: š(w)-

Laz: šu-, šv-; šu-m-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 173-174, EWK 313. Ср. *śow-.

References: МССНЯ 341; ND 2139 *sew.V 'to drink' (Kartv. + dub. Ur. + SH); 2141 *[s][ü]wħV ~ *[s]EʔuwħV 'moisture, water, wet, rain' (Kartv. *śow- + IE Alt. + dub. Drav. + probably same SH).

Meaning: water

Russian meaning: вода

Turkic: *sɨb

 

Proto-Turkic: *sɨb

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: water

Russian meaning: вода

Old Turkic: śub (Orkh.), sub, suv (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: suv (MK)

Turkish: su

Tatar: sɨw

Middle Turkic: su (AH, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: suv

Uighur: su

Sary-Yughur: su

Azerbaidzhan: su

Turkmen: suv

Khakassian: suɣ

Shor: suɣ

Oyrat: sū

Halaj: suw

Chuvash: šɨv

Yakut: ū; utax 'thirst' < *sub-sak

Dolgan: ū

Tuva: suɣ

Tofalar: suɣ

Kirghiz: sū

Kazakh: su

Noghai: suw

Bashkir: hɨw

Balkar: sū

Gagauz: su

Karaim: su

Karakalpak: suw

Salar: su

Kumyk: suw

Comments: VEWT 431, TMN 3, 281-2, EDT 783-4, Лексика 88, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 247. The reconstruction of *ɨ is conditioned by the Chuv. palatalization. Cf. also *sɨbu- 'to become watery', *sɨbu-k 'watery, liquid' (ЭСТЯ 7). Other Common Turkic derivatives are *sɨb-sɨ- 'to become watery' and *sɨb-sa- 'to be(come) thirsty', see the analysis in ЭСТЯ 7 and EDT 792. The derivative *sɨb-sɨ 'a watery decoction' (not attested as such, but cf. OT suvsuš id. (EDT 792)) was borrowed in Mong. as sub(a)su id. (L 733), Khalkha suvs 'watery'. Modern Kypchak and Siberian forms like Chag. susɨn, Kirgh. sūsun etc. may reflect a secondary loan from Mongolian.

Mongolian: *usu

 

Proto-Mongolian: *usu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: water

Russian meaning: вода

Written Mongolian: usu(n) (L 887)

Middle Mongolian: usun (HY 3, SH), oṣun, uṣun (IM), uṣun (MA)

Khalkha: us

Buriat: uha(n)

Kalmuck: usṇ

Ordos: usu(n)

Dongxian: usu

Baoan: se

Dagur: oso, os (Тод. Даг. 160), ose (MD 203)

Shary-Yoghur: qusun, Gusun

Monguor: fuʒu (SM 102), sʒu (MGCD šʒu)

Mogol: usun; ZM osun (15-5b)

Comments: KW 452, MGCD 682, TMN 1, 167.

Comments: Владимирцов 160, АПиПЯЯ 27, 284. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Mong. *u-su can be explained as a normal dissimilation < *su-su ( < *sub-su); cf. similar cases in *sisegeji > *isegeji 'felt', *sü(t)-sü > *ü-sü 'milk', *sus- > *us- 'disappear, perish'. The relationship of the Mong. and Turk. forms is strengthened by the presence in Turkic of archaic derivatives *sɨb-sɨ-, *sɨb-sa-.

humid 습한 

ㅂ-->ㅁ 발음변천 

h<-->s 

흡<-->습 호환

스밭 스받 스밧 의 변음인 것이다.

영어의 sweat 땀 

역시 어원이 물이다.

스밭 스밧 

스 발음이 생략되어 밧 바서 water 역시 변음인 것이다.

moisture 수분

역시 mo는 물 isture 있었어

물있어-->어원

Meaning : "moist" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *padd-

Meaning : moist, damp; distended, inflated

Proto-South Dravidian: *pad-a-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *pad-a-

Meaning : moist, wet

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : pata (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to become moist, marshy

Tamil derivates : patam water, dampness, moisture

Tulu : padampuni

Tulu meaning : to become wet

Tulu derivates : padanuni, padaṇuni to get wet, be chilly; padāmpu moisture; moist, wet; padāmpuni to moisten, wet; (?) pasiŋkara dampness, wetness; paspu wet

Proto-Nilgiri : *pad-

Number in DED : 3906

Proto-Telugu : *pad-

 

Proto-Telugu : *pad-

Meaning : moisture, dampness, wetness, a quantity of rain sufficient to render the earth fit for ploughing

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : padanu

Dialectal forms (1) : padunu

Number in DED : 3906

Brahui : padd-ām

 

Brahui : padd-ām

Meaning : inflation, distension

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 3906

바다 역시 어원이 물인 것이다.

러시아어 바다(물의 뜻,water,水) 역시 어원이 물이다.

wet 젖은 

w는 과거 v발음

역시 물을 어원으로 한다.

Chinese: "水" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tujH

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: water

Chinese: 水 *tujʔ water.

 

Character: 水

Modern (Beijing) reading: shuǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: tujʔ

Classic Old Chinese: twǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: twǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: ćwǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćwíj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćwíj

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćwí

Middle Chinese: śwí

English meaning : water, river

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вода; водянистый; сок; сочный; жидкость; выделения; 2) воды; река; водный, речной; серебристый; 3) разница на курсе (обычно при перерасчете на серебро); приплата; доплата; отчисление, комиссия; 4) соблазнять; уговаривать добром; 5) сорт товара; 6) астр. Меркурий; 7) Шуй (фамилия)

Comments: MC ś- is irregular; a clear indication of *t- is given by Min forms: Xiamen cui³, Chaozhou, Fuzhou cui³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

 

Number: 108

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 水

MC description : 止合三上旨書

ZIHUI: 3055 1208

Beijing: ṣuei 2

Jinan: ṣuei 2

Xi'an: fei 2

Taiyuan: suei 2

Hankou: suei 2

Chengdu: suei 2

Yangzhou: suǝi 2

Suzhou: se_ 2 (lit.); sü 2

Wenzhou: si_ 21

Changsha: śyei 2

Shuangfeng: śy 2

Nanchang: sui 2

Meixian: sui 2

Guangzhou: šö_y 21

Xiamen: sui 2 (lit.); cui 2

Chaozhou: cui 21

Fuzhou: cuei 2

Shanghai: sü 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: šuei 2

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5501

Karlgren code: 0576 a-c

Jianchuan Bai: śui1

Dali Bai: śui1

Bijiang Bai: śui1

Shijing occurrences: 39.1, 43.1, 43.2, 57.4, 58.4

Burmese: LB: Achang ti water.

Kachin: mǝdi¹ be wet.

Lushai: tui, KC *Dui water.

Lepcha: dă a pond, a lake, stagnant water

Kiranti: *dhì

 

Proto-Kiranti: *dhì

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: lake

Tulung: din pool, lake

Kaling: dhi lake, pond, pool

Kulung: diditti (Toba)

Comments: Toba 94 *dhi __-.

Comments: BG: Dimasa di water, Bodo bidǝ́y, Garo tśi, Banpara ti; Rawang thi; Kanauri ti; Vayu ti; Magari di; Pwo, Sgaw thi. Sh. 48, 442; Ben. 45, 134. Initial *dh- in PK is not quite clear. STEDT 372-376: *m-t(w)i ~ *m-twǝy 'water, fluid', *ti(y) 'water' (two protoforms are proposed without comment, but it seems much more probable that we deal with a single root here).

水 한자상고음

上古音

時代	聲韻系統名稱	韻部	聲母	韻母	備註
先秦	高本漢系統		ɕ	i̯wər
先秦	王力系統	脂	ɕ	ǐwei
先秦	董同龢系統	脂	ç	jued
先秦	周法高系統	脂	stʰ	jiwer
先秦	李方桂系統	脂	h	rjidx
兩漢	西漢	脂
兩漢	東漢	脂