국어사전
앓다 [알타]
1. 병에 걸려 고통을 겪다.
2. 마음에 근심이 있어 괴로움을 느끼다.
영어사전
앓다
1. (병을) suffer (from), be ill (with), be sick (with), (formal) be afflicted (with)
무엇보다 놀라운 것은 고립어라고 알려진 유럽에 바스크어는 앓다는 말이
아픈 아플 이라고 되어 있어 놀라웠다.
게다가 suffer로 구글번역기 돌려보니 Jasaten 애썼던 이 나와서 놀라웠다.
애쓰다 아닌가?
애를 쓰다 마음고생하다
바스크는 어순도 우리말과 같고 프랑스와 스페인사이 피레네산맥에 70만 정도의
인구라 하는데 아시아어족인 것 같은데 웬지모르게 우리말 냄새가 난다.
우리말 아픈 역시 앓은 의 변형에서 나온 것이라 생각한다.
국어사전
아리다
[형용사] 1. 혀끝을 찌를 듯이 알알한 느낌이 있다.
2. 상처나 살갗 따위가 찌르는 듯이 아프다
영어사전
아리다
1. (상처·살갗 등이) stinging, burning, smarting, sore
2. (혀가) 3. (가슴이) aching
Proto-South Dravidian: *ala- ~ *alai-
Proto-South Dravidian : *ala- ~ *alai-
Meaning : to suffer
Tamil : ala (-pp-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to suffer, be in distress, suffer privation, be in want
Tamil derivates : alam distress, pain, misery; alappu confusion of mind; alantalai distress, vexation, confusion; alantai trouble; alantōn_ one who is in distress; alati-kulati disorder, confusion; alaŋku (alaŋki-) to be agitated in mind, troubled; alacu (alaci-) to suffer, be distressed, be exhausted, become weary; alamaru (alamari-) to be agitated, distressed; alamala (-pp-, -nt-) to be confused, dazed, be anxious; alampal vexation, trouble; alavu (alavi-) to be troubled in mind; n. confusion, perturbation; alavalai hasty action, confusion of mind, distress; alu (-pp-, -tt-) to be weary, tired by overwork or care; aluppu weariness, exhaustion; aluval business, affair; alai (-v-, -nt-) to be harassed, wander in weariness, (-pp-, -tt-) to harass, vex, afflict, annoy; n. oppression; alaicu (alaici-) to be lazy; alaiccal weariness, vexation; alaippu disturbance, distress, trouble; alaivu mental agitation, trouble, distress; allal affliction, distress; allā (-pp-, -nt-) to suffer, be in distress; n. distress; allāṭu (allāṭi-) to suffer
Malayalam : ala
Malayalam meaning : lamentation
Malayalam derivates : alaŋŋuka, alukka to be worn out, grow lean; aluppu weariness; alampal having enough of it, vexation; alayuka to be wearied; alaccal vexation, mourning; alasal, alaśal agitation, fatigue, disappointment; alasuka to be tired; alati troublesome; alappu confusion, stir, fright; alampu trouble; alampuka to be agitated, tired; aluval bustle, business; allal sorrow, grief; alla tumult, disturbance
Kannada : ala, alapu, alupu, alavu, alavike, alasike
Kannada meaning : fatigue, weariness, trouble
Kannada derivates : alapaṭe, lampaṭe, alasaṭe exhaustion, weariness, harassment; alasu to become weary, be tired, vexed, disgusted, loiter; n. weariness; ale to annoy, slight, disgrace; allari state of being troubled, disturbed, harassed
Kodagu : ala- (alap-, aland-)
Kodagu meaning : to crave
Kodagu derivates : alambalɨ hurry; ? alas- (alasi-) (curry, rice) becomes spoiled
Tulu : alasuni, alajuni
Tulu meaning : to be fatigued, vexed, suffer griping pain
Tulu derivates : alepuni, aleyuni, alevuni to be fatigued; alepāvuni to cause to tire, fatigue; alụmbe suffering; alubaŋga vexation, trouble; albe thin, weak, lean
Notes : In Tamil there exists evidence for at least three bisyllabic stems with similar semantics: ala-, alu-, alai-. The variant with -u- is the least well represented of the three and may be secondary (e. g., a back-formation from aluppu, which itself would be a reduced dialectal variant of *alappu). The other two, however, both find parallels outside of the Tamil-Malayalam area (cf. the Kan. opposition ala - ale), and the question is whether they go back to the same root or not. According to the general policy of DEDR, we would have to judge in favour of the former; in this particular case, however, even Burrow & Emeneau note that "these etyma and those s. v. Ta. alaŋku seem to have started from two roots with different basic meanings: suffer and move, shake". It seems, therefore, reasonable to trace *ala- back to a stem with the basic meaning 'suffer', and *alai- back to 'move, shake, dangle', with a whole bunch of derived forms (see *ala-ŋ-, *ala-ṭ-, etc.). For the same reason of numerous possible contaminations, however, that Burrow & Emeneau also complain about, we do not separate the forms in this database entry.
Number in DED : 0236
Proto-Telugu : *ala-
Proto-Telugu : *ala-
Meaning : to be tired, be disgusted
Telugu : alayu
Additional forms : Also alayincu to weary (tr.), overwork, disgust; alãgu to be displeased, take offense, grieve; alãcu to tease, harass; alãta fatigue, exhaustion, grief, pain; alãduru to grieve; n. grief, sorrow; [1] alakuva, [2] alapu, [3] alayika fatigue; alajaḍi sorrow, affliction, grief, calamity; alamaru to grieve, sorrow, (K. also) be tired; alamaṭa grief, sorrow, affliction; alamaṭincu to grieve, sorrow; alasaṭa weariness, fatigue, exhaustion; alipiri lean, thin, weak; allari tumult, confusion, quarrel; lampaṭa trouble, (B also) pain, weariness; lampaṭũḍu one who is attached to or fond of, a libertine (< Skt?)
Number in DED : 236
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ala-
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ala-
Meaning : to be tired, ill
Kolami : alay- (alayt-) "to become tired"
Parji : alac "illness"
Additional forms : Also Kolami alp- (alapt-) to make to become tired
Number in DED : 236
Proto-North Dravidian : *al-g-
Proto-North-Dravidian : *al-g-
Meaning : sluggish
Kurukh : algā "sluggish, without energy"
Malto : alesi "sweat, heat"
Notes : The Malto form may not belong here.
Additional forms : Also (?) KUR layākoyā moving or waling listlessly (as though the limbs had no strength); laikoyOrnā to move the limbs in a negligent, languid fashion as though deficient in strength or manliness.
Number in DED : 236
Notes : Cf. also Kui alāṛi 'fatigue, distress from fatigue, exhaustion'. See the South Dravidian entry for the possibility of separating SDR *ala- 'suffer' from SDR *alai- 'wander, shake; caus. harass, annoy'. In this respect it is interesting to consider some of the syncopated/non-syncopated doublets given by Burrow & Emeneau in the same entry: cf. Kui alāṛi vs. laha 'languor, laziness'; Kur. algā vs. layākoyā, etc. Of course, a final judgement is different to give based on lack of definitive knowledge on the rules of vowel reduction in Gondwan (not to mention North Dravidian, where initial l- is exceedingly rare in the first place). // Present in 5/6 branches.
Proto-Dravidian : *alá-
Meaning : to suffer (= to be weary)
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Eurasiatic: *HalV
Meaning: weak, tired
Borean: Borean
Borean (approx.) : HVLV
Meaning : weak
Sino-Caucasian : *ħalV
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ħalV(ħV)
Meaning: weak
Sino-Tibetan: *rŏj
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rŏj
Meaning: lean, weak
Chinese: 羸 *roj lean, emaciated; weak.
Character: 羸
Modern (Beijing) reading: léi
Preclassic Old Chinese: roj
Classic Old Chinese: rwaj
Western Han Chinese: rwaj
Eastern Han Chinese: rwe
Early Postclassic Chinese: lwe
Middle Postclassic Chinese: lwe
Late Postclassic Chinese: lwe
Middle Chinese: lwe
English meaning : lean, emaciated, weak
Russian meaning[s]: 1) тощий, худой; отощать; истощенный; 2) утомиться; усталый; 3) слабый, дряхлый; 4) перевязать, обвязать; 5) закрыть, закупорить
Comments: During L.Zhou used also for a homonymous *roj 'entangle'. For *r- cf. Fuzhou lui2, Jianou luoi9.
Radical: 123
Four-angle index: 7716
Karlgren code: 0014 c
Kachin: (H) groi be thin, lean.
Lushai: roiʔ be weak, worn out, to lose power.
Yenisseian: *ʔēl (~x-,-r)
Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔēl (~x-,-r)
Meaning: weak
Ket: d-ɛ́ĺtim 'lax'
Yug: ɛ:hl
Arin: t-erma (Лоск.)
Comments: ССЕ 190. The comparison with Arin belongs to Werner (1, 181, 259-260, 2, 258) and is reasonable if we suppose a prefixed nature of t- in Arin and d- in Ket; however, the reason for reconstructing <*egǝl> or even <*egǝʎ> on the basis of this comparison stays unclear to me.
Basque: *ahul
Proto-Basque: *ahul
Meaning: 1 weak, frail 2 insipid, tasteless 3 less fertile, meager (land) 4 to be weakened, waste away
Bizkaian: aul 1, 2, 3
Gipuzkoan: aul, abol 1, 3
High Navarrese: aul 1, 3
Low Navarrese: ahul 1, 3
Lapurdian: ahul 1, 3
Zuberoan: áhül 1, 2, 3
Roncalese: aul-tu 4
Comments: Trask, following Mitxelena, derives this word from Old Cast. ávol ‘low, bad’ or Old Occit. avol, aul ‘schlecht, elend’, but REW (3960) finds any derivation of these from Lat. habilis ‘handy’, etc., or advolus (‘prostrate’?) doubtful. Occ.-Provençal devol ‘weak’ does come from Lat. debilis (REW 2491), but obviously cannot account for Bsq *ahul.
Comments and references : Possibly compensatory length in PY. Cf. PAA *rVj 'lean' (probably < ST).
Indo-European: *el-
Proto-IE: *el-
Meaning: to get tired, to rest
Old Indian: ilayati `to keep still, become quiet', alasá- `inactive, lazy, idle'
Old Greek: elīnǘō `ruhen, rasten, mit etwas aufhören'
Russ. meaning: уставать, отдыхать
Altaic: *ā̀le (+ *ā̀lV 'destroy, kill'?)
Proto-Altaic: *ā̀le
Meaning: weak, tired, confused
Russian meaning: слабый, усталый, смущенный
Turkic: *ăl-
Proto-Turkic: *ăl-
Meaning: 1 to become weak 2 bad 3 to be vile (of a man), to turn septic (of a wound) 4 weak, inferior 5 upset 6 old, worn-out 7 crazy 8 lazy man 9 to hurry 10 fool 11 to go mad 12 to deceive 13 perplexed 14 dumb, foolish 15 doubt, surprise 16 error 17 be in doubt, perplexed 18 absent-minded, unattentive 19 weakness
Russian meaning: 1 слабеть 2 дурной 3 быть подлым (о человеке), воспаляться (о ране) 4 слабый, худший 5 расстроенный 6 старый, изношенный 7 безумный, ошалелый 8 лентяй 9 торопиться 10 дурак 11 сходить с ума 12 обманывать 13 растерянный 14 глупый, простоватый 15 сомнение, удивление 16 ошибка 17 сомневаться, сбиваться, путаться 18 рассеянный, невнимательный 19 чахлость, немощь
Old Turkic: alaŋ-a-d- 1 (OUygh.)
Turkish: alɨk, (Osm.) alu 4, alaz, alɨz 4 (dial.), alkɨn 5 (dial.)
Tatar: ala-ma 2, 6
Middle Turkic: aluq 7 (Abush. 27)
Uighur: alaq, alaŋ 7
Sary-Yughur: alɣač 8 (ЯЖУ 14)
Turkmen: al-ŋ-a-sa- 9
Khakassian: alɨɣ 10, alas 5, al-ɨn-, al-ax- 11, (caus.) 12
Shor: al-aq-tɨr- (caus. from *al-aq-) 12, al-aq-qan 13, alɨɣ 10, al-ɨn- 11
Oyrat: alā (< alaɣ) 14, alu (< alɨɣ) 10, alaŋ 15, alɣas 5, al-ɨn- 11
Yakut: alɣas 16
Tuva: alāq- 17, alaŋ 15
Kirghiz: alaŋ, alaɣ-dɨ 18
Kazakh: alaŋ 18
Noghai: ala-ŋ-ɣa-s-ar 18
Bashkir: alama 2, 6, al-jawu 11
Balkar: alɨn- 11
Gagauz: alɨq 7, 10
Karaim: alas 19
Karakalpak: alaŋ 18
Comments: VEWT 16-17, TMN 2, 116, EDT 129, 138, 149, ЭСТЯ 1, 132, 145-146, Clark 1977, 128. See also Oghuz *al-čak sub *ăl 'below'. Tends to contaminate with *āl 'red' and *āla 'variegated', cf. Uygh. al-gädän 'naïve' ('red nape'), Turkm. āla-samsɨk 'foolish' ('variegated fool'), Bashk. al-jot 'fool' ('red fellow'). KW 7. Turk. *algaz > MMong. alɣasa- 'faul, nachlassig sein' (SH), then Mong. > Kirgh., KBalk., Kum. alɣasa(r)-, Nogh. alas-la-r- 'to become embarrassed', (Karaim) 'to be scared' etc. Despite Sevortyan, Tokharian A ālās 'iners, ignavus' (Poucha 27), B alās- 'be sick' (Sieg-Siegling 91) not < Turk., but < Sanskr. alasa.
Mongolian: *al-
Proto-Mongolian: *al-da-, -ǯi-, -ga-
Meaning: 1 get tired 2 disturbed, absent-minded, lazy 3 to lose, miss
Russian meaning: 1 уставать 2 рассеянный, ленивый 3 лишаться, делать промах
Middle Mongolian: alǯa- 'behindert, in Not, Schwierigkeit sein', alǯi'as 'Abweichung, Fehler ', alda- 'verlieren, verfehlen, straffällig werden', aldal 'Strafe' (SH), aldara- 'to become loose', alɣūr 'slow' (MA 98), aldāng 'sin' (IM)
Khalkha: alda- 3, alǯā- 1, algū, almai 2
Buriat: alžā- 1, almaj 2
Kalmuck: aldǝ- 3, almǟ 2
Ordos: alda- 3
Baoan: andaGa- 'to let loose, to make free'
Comments: KW 7. Mong. > Tuva aldag 'misdoing, inadvertence', KBalk. alǯar-, Kirgh. alǯɨ- 'to err, become mad', Kum. alǯa- 'to suffer', Yak. alār- (< *ala-ɣa-r-), KKalp. alaɣa-da-la-n- 'to digress, be absentminded' etc.
Kartvelian: *ɣal- 'to tire'
Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣal-/ɣl-
Russian meaning: утомляться
English meaning: to get tired
Georgian: ɣal-, ɣl-
Megrel: ɣol-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): делать
Megrel meaning (Eng.): to do
Svan: ɣl-
Svan meaning (Rus.): ждать
Svan meaning (Eng.): to wait
Notes and references: EWK 384.
Comments: Esk.-Al. *aƛǝ 'illness'.
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