통역할,역 譯
訳
음독やく |いやく [意訳]
훈독わけ |いいわけ [言(い)訳]
와케
바꾸-->와꾸
바꾸다 change
갈다 바꾸다 換 바꿀,환 ㅎ은 과거 kh 칸 -->환
고리,환 環 고르 구르 구르다 돌다 환 깐 깔 꼴 꿀
gwran 그브런 구브런 굽은 curve
w생략-->(동)그란,그런 글은 굴은 구른
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갈음 갈-->간
Proto-Altaic: *kălo
Meaning: to change, borrow
Russian meaning: менять, брать в долг
Mongolian: *kala-
Proto-Mongolian: *kala-
Meaning: to change, alternate
Russian meaning: менять, чередовать
Written Mongolian: qala- (L 916)
Khalkha: xala-
Buriat: xala-
Kalmuck: xalǝ-
Ordos: xala-
Comments: KW 162, MGCD 319. ( > Evk. kala-, Man. χala- etc., ТМС 1, 364, Doerfer MT 81). Cf. also qalamǯi 'care, attention'.
Korean: *kắr-
Proto-Korean: *kắr-
Meaning: to change
Russian meaning: менять
Modern Korean: kal-
Middle Korean: kắr-
Japanese: *kár-
Proto-Japanese: *kár-
Meaning: to borrow
Russian meaning: брать в долг
Old Japanese: kar-
Middle Japanese: kár-
Tokyo: kàri-
Kyoto: kárí-
Kagoshima: karí-
Comments: JLTT 704. The transitive match ('to lend') is PJ *kár-s- > OJ kás-.
Comments: EAS 46, 154, АПиПЯЯ 75, Martin 228. The tone correspondence between Kor. and Jpn. is irregular, so the accent reconstruction here is difficult; note that the Kor. high tone here must be archaic, because it resists the general Korean tendency to introduce low tone into all verbal forms.
받-->맏-->맞
받-->맏-->말
Proto-Dravidian : *mād_-
Meaning : 1 to exchange 2 to return
Proto-South Dravidian: *mār_-
Proto-South Dravidian : *mār_-
Meaning : to change
Tamil : mār_u (mār_i-)
Tamil meaning : to become changed, exchanged, altered, reversed, be cured, be corrected, have a change of residence, retreat (as showing one's back), become false, sell, exchange (as goods), barter, deny; n. mutation, change, enmity, hostility, anything that disagrees or is unsuitable, death, birth, recompense, return, reply, contrariety, contradiction, change or substitute (as of a garment), alternative
Tamil derivates : mār_upaṭu to be changed, be opposed, disagree, differ, be discordant, be in contrast, be inimical; mār_upāṭu opposition, perverseness, unsuitability, disagreeableness, discrepancy, double-dealing; mār_r_u (mār_r_i-) to change, alter, rectify, convert, cure, set right, dispel, relieve, remove, derange, change or alter for the worse, repel, expel, hinder, prevent, deny, refuse, destroy, cancel, repeal, change (as money), exchange, barter, traffic, trade, shift, transfer, be interrupted, fail (as rains), detain; n. changing, removal, destruction, barter, exchange, sale, clothes freshly washed, similarity, resemblance; mār_r_umai contrariety, diversity; mār_r_am diversity, hatred, remedy, word of challenge, vow, answer, reply, word; mār_r_ān_ enemy; mār_r_āḷ rival wife; māṭṭu word
Malayalam : mār_uka
Malayalam meaning : to be changed, altered, change place, remove to a distance, be healed, subside, cease, exchange, barter
Malayalam derivates : mār_u change; mār_r_am change, barter, trade, diversity, reply, word; mār_r_al curing; mār_r_i person who fails, unfortunate; mār_r_u change (chiefly of raiment), reply, word; mār_r_uka to change, substitute, remove
Kannada : mār_u
Kannada meaning : to be opposite, be hostile, oppose, take or give one thing for another, barter, sell, be sold, sell (intr.), be changed into another form, change; n. state of being other, different or next, that of being changed or altered, that which is given in exchange, that which is put for sale, selling, sale, state of being opposite or hostile, state of being reflected
Kannada derivates : mār_uḷi another business or affair; mār_āḷi barterer, seller, Vaiśya; mār_isu to cause to sell, exchange, change; mārpu exchange, change; mārma, marma an opponent; mātu, māta word, saying, language, promise, slander, rumour, antidote, remedy; mātāḷi a talkative, garrulous man; mātuga, mātugār_a a talkative man; fem. mātugārti; mātugār_ike, mātugār_atana loquacity
Kodagu : mār- (māri-)
Kodagu meaning : to sell
Kodagu derivates : māt- (māti-) to change (tr.)
Tulu : māruni
Tulu meaning : to sell, dispose of
Tulu derivates : mārāṭa sale, barter, exchange; mārāvuni to cause to sell, get sold; mār-nuḍi a reply; mārpāṭa change, alteration; māduni to turn about; mādā̆vuni to turn about, turn the face to another quarter; mādụ turning about; mātụkathe conversation, intercourse; māpuni to undress, change dress; martè selling, bargain
Number in DED : 4834
Proto-Telugu : *mār_-
Proto-Telugu : *mār_-
Meaning : return, giving in return, exchange, barter, substitute, equivalent, opposition, contradiction, answer, reply, a time, repetition; equal, different, other, another, changed, altered, turned, averted, given or said in return; vb. to be changed, altered or turned into a new form, be transformed, pass, be current, be cashed, be destroyed, perish
Telugu : mār_u
Additional forms : Also mār_ũ-dalli stepmother; mār_u-konu to oppose, attack, face, front; mār_ugā instead of, in lieu of, in place of, as a substitute or equivalent for; [1] mār_ucu, [2] mārcu to change, alter, modify, convert, turn into a different thing, transform, transmute, exchange, barter, serve as food, kill, destroy; mār_utũḍu enemy, foe; mār_udala change; [1] mār_upu, [2] mārpu, [3] mār_akamu change, alteration, modification, conversion, act of turning or state of being turned into something different, exchange, barter; mār_umāṭa reply, opposition, contradiction, synonym; mār_aṭa in lieu of, instead of; substituted, equivalent; mār_aṭa(mu) contradiction, opposition, quarrelling; mār_āḍu to contradict, quarrel, oppose
Number in DED : 4834
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mād_-
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mād_-
Meaning : to barter, exchange
Notes : PK *māsk- is a plural action form < *mād_-k-. It is a PK innovation.
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