Distress Alert 전송 방법 및 Distress Button 관련 규정

[Simon Kim]

각 기기별 조난신호 전송 방법

JRC를 예를 들면,

• MF/HF RADIO(JSS-296, 596, 896)
  DISTRESS ALERT 전송하면 5회 연속 전송되고 전송이 완료되면 완료되었다고 DISPLAY에 표시된다
  만약 수신증이 오면 2차로 해당 주파수대의 무선전화 혹은 NBDP 조난주파수로 자동 변경되고 조난호출 및 통보를 전송하면 된다
  (예: MF DSC 2187.5Khz로 조난경보 전송 후 수신증이 오면 2차 통신을 J3E TEL로 설정한 경우 TEL 2182.0Khz 로 자동 변경되고
  여기서 조난호출 및 통보를 송신하면 된다
  
  만약 수신증이 없으면 그 다음 3.5~4.5분 단위로 수신증이 올때까지 계속 전송된다

• VHF RADIO(JHS-770S, 780D)
  DISTRESS ALERT DDB를 4초간 누르면 조난경보가 전송되고 수신증이 온다
  수신증이 오면 CH.16에서 조난호출 및 통보를 전송하면 된다
  
  만약 수신증이 없으면 3.5~4.5분 단위로 계속 전송된다

• INM-C(JUE-85)
  DISTRESS BUTTON을 4초간 누르면 조난경보가 전송된다
  수신증이 오면 화면에 “Distress Acknowledgement Received” 라고 나타난다 이 경우, 2차로 편집해서 전송할 수 있지만 통상 INM-C는 조난경보만 전송하고 육상으로부터의 거리에 따라 HF, MF, VHF로 조난경보 및 조난통보를 다시 보낸다 (통상 원양 항해중이거나 또는 황천으로 인한 Heavily listing이 있는 경우 VHF, MF/HF의 전파편파 특성을 감안
  무지향성 안테나를 사용중인 INMARSAT-C를 이용 먼저 조난경보를 전송한다) 

DDB(DEDICATED DISTRESS BUTTON) 관련 규정

SOLAS reg.IV/14
1 The Maritime Safety Committee, at its sixty-ninth session (II to 20 May 1998), approved the following clarifications of certain requirements in IMO performance standards for GMDSS equipment, developed by the Sub-Committee on Radiocommunications and Search and Rescue (COMSAR), at its third session (23 to 27 February 998), with a view to reducing the number of false distress alerts. The Committee was of the opinion that such clarifications would assist Member Governments in deciding whether equipment installed OIl or after I February 1999 meets these requirements.

• "DEDICATED DISTRESS BUTTON"
  This button Should not be any key of an lTU T input panel or an ISO keyboard associated with the equipment and should be physically separated from functional buttons/keys used for normal operation. This button should be a single button for no other purpose than to initiate a distress alert.
• "CLEARLY IDENTIFIED"
  The distress button should be red in colour and marked "DISTRESS". Where a non-transparent protective lid or cover is used, it should also be marked "DISTRESS".
• "PROTECTED AGAINST INADVERTENT ACTIVATION"
  The required protection of the distress button should consist of a spring loaded lid or cover permanently attached to the equipment by e.g., hinges. It should not be necessary for the user to remove additional seals or to break the lid or cover in order to operate the distress button.
  The operation of the distress button should generate a visible and audible indication. The distress button should be kept pressed for at least 3 seconds. A flashing light and an intermittent accoustic signal should start immediately. After the 3 seconds the transmission of the distress alert is initiated and the indication should become steady.
• "AT LEAST TWO INDEPENDENT ACTIONS"
  Lifting of the protective lid or cover is considered as the first action. Pressing the distress button as specified above is considered as the second independent action.
• "INTERRUPTING THE DISTRESS ALERT AT ANY TIME"
  It should be possible to interrupt repetitive transmissions of distress messages. Such operation should not interrupt the transmission of a distress alert or distress message in progress but should prevent repetitive transmissions of a distress message.