Abraham is the first great patriarch of Israel.
Christians and Muslims respect him as the personification of human faith in the will of God.
Abraham was probably born some 4,000 years ago in the big Babylonian city of Ur.
He was a wealthy man, married to Sarah.
His story is described in Genesis.
For some reason he left his native city with all his household
and big herds of animals and traveled through the Middle East in search of a place to settle.
During his migrations at one moment Abraham and Lot, his cousin, separated;
Lot stayed in Sodom and Abraham decided to return to Canaan.
There was an attack on Sodom, and Lot was captured and his possessions seized.
Abraham, on learning about what had happened, armed his men and set off in pursuit.
He attacked the looters, released his cousin and captured many goods.
On return to Salem (Jerusalem) he was received by Melchizedek, the king and high priest,
who blessed Abraham. Abraham in return paid one-tenth of his spoils of victory (Gen. 14:18-24).
Peter Paul Rubens.
The Meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek.
c.1625. Oil on wood. The National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, USA.
The sacrifice of Isaac is an episode from Abraham’s life.
To prove his faith, Abraham, on God’s will, prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac.
At the last moment the angel of God appeared,
seized the faithful Abraham’s sword, and saved his son (Gen. 22:1-19).
Caravaggio.
The Sacrifice of Isaac.
c.1603. Oil on canvas. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy.
Caravaggio.
The Sacrifice of Isaac.
1598-1599. Oil on canvas. Johnson Collection, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Aert de Gelder.
Abraham and Angels.
Oil on canvas. Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Rembrandt.
The Angel Stopping Abraham from Sacrificing Isaac to God.
1635. Oil on canvas. The Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Rembrandt.
Abraham and Isaac.
1645. Etching and burin, sole state. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Rembrandt.
Abraham's Sacrifice.
1655. Etching and drypoint, only state. Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna, Austria.
Russian Icon. Abraham.
Mid-17th century. 198 x 89 cm.
Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Moscow, Russia.
이삭의 희생(작자 미상)
The Sacrifice of Abraham
1616
Oil on wood
Musée du Louvre, Paris
하나님은 아브라함을 시험하시려고 그를 부르셨습니다.
하나님은 아브라함에게 아들인 이삭을 데리고 모리아 땅으로 가서 번제로 드리라고 명령하셨습니다.
번제라는 단어가 잘 실감이 안갈수 있는데 이 말을 영어로 하면
Sacrifice him there as a burnt offering 입니다.
아들을 제물로 삼아 불에 태워 바치라는 명령이었습니다.
어떤 부모가 자식을 죽일 수 있을까요. 그
것도 살아있는 외아들을 제단위에 올려놓고 불태울 수 있을까요.
아브라함은 명령을 듣자마자 다음날 아침 하인 둘을 데리고 이삭과 함께 모리아 땅으로 떠났습니다.
하나님께 제사를 드리러 간다고만 했을 뿐 이삭을 제물로 바칠 것이라고 말하지는 않았습니다.
길을 떠난지 삼일째에 아브라함은 하인들을 남겨놓고 이삭과 단둘이 산을 올랐습니다. 이삭이 물었습니다.
아버지. 제물로 올릴 새끼양은 어디서 구하지요?
그 말을 들은 아브라함은 어떤 느낌이었을까요. 아들아. 하나님께서 준비해주실 것이다.
아브라함은 담담하게 대답했습니다.
목적지에 도착하자 아브라함은 이삭을 결박했습니다.
아브라함은 이삭을 장작을 쌓아올려 만든 단 위에 올렸습니다.
아들을 불태우기 전 아브라함은 아들의 숨통을 끊어 놓으려 칼을 높이 들었습니다.
그때에 천사가 나타났습니다. 아브라함은 시험을 통과한 것이었습니다.
주위를 둘러보니 수양 한 마리가 수풀에 뿔이 걸려 버둥대고 있었습니다.
아브라함은 이삭을 얼른 내려놓고 수양을 번제로 올렸습니다.
아브라함은 이곳을 여호와이레라고 불렀습니다.
The Lord will Provide.
하나님께서 준비하실 것이다라는 뜻입니다.
여호와이레와 비슷한 단어가 성경에 여러개 나옵니다.
대표적인 것이 여호와닛시. 여호와 닛시는 여호와는 나의 깃발이시다라는 뜻이고,
여호와샬롬. 여호와 샬롬은 여호와는 평강이시다라는 뜻.
여호와삼마. 여호와삼마는 여호와가 거기 계신다라는 뜻.
여호와라파. 여호와 라파는 여호와는 치료하시는 분이시다라는 뜻입니다.
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이삭의 결혼
Isaac married Rebecca when he was forty. She gave birth to two twins.
The first to come out was reddish and covered with hairs like a cloak, and they named him Esau.
Immediately afterwards his brother was born with his hand grasping Esau's heel,
and he was given the name Jacob.
As the boys grew up, Esau became a skillful hunter, an outdoor man,
while Jacob lived quietly close to their mother.
Isaac favored Esau, but Rebecca favored Jacob.
Rebecca taught Jacob how to steal the rights of the firstborn from Esau.
They managed to deceive both Esau and Isaac, and Isaac blessed Jacob as his firstborn.
Nicolas Poussin.
Eliezer and Rebecca.
1640s. Oil on canvas. Louvre, Paris, France.
Nicolas Poussin.
Eliezer Meets Rebecca.
1659-1661. Oil on canvas. Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, UK.
Rembrandt.
Isaac and Rebecca. (The Jewish Bride).
c. 1666. Oil on canvas. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Abraham's Journey to Canaan
1614
The Hermitage, St. Petersburg