The key to a long and healthy life is rather simple: Don't smoke, gets lots of exercise and sleep, and eat a balanced diet. Others manage to reach extreme old age despite heavy drinking and smoking, deadly behaviors for most people. One feature common to most centenarians is that stress doesn't bother them.
"They seem to be able to shed stress. It doesn't get to them and cause them to age more quickly, Thomas Perls, director of the New England Centenarian Study, said.
키워드 brain & calorie
Given that your brain is about 80% water, the first rule of brain nutrition is adequate water to hydrate your brain. Even slight dehydration can raise stress hormones which can damage your brain over time. Drink at least 84 ounces of water a day. It is best to have your liquids unpolluted with artificial sweeteners, sugar, caffeine, or alcohol.
Daniel G. Amen. Seven Simple Brain Promoting Nutritional Tips. Available from URL:http://www.creativityatwork.com/articlesContent/Brain/Amen-brain-food.html
The available data suggest the that dietary restriction, and physical and mental activity, may reduce both the incidence and severity of neurodegenerative disorders in humans. The neurotrophic factors induced by dietary restriction may protect neurons by inducing the production of proteins that suppress oxyradical production, stabilize cellular calcium homeostasis and inhibit apoptotic biochemical cascades. Interestingly, dietary restriction also increases numbers of newly-generated neural cells in the adult brain suggesting that this dietary manipulation can increase the brain's capacity for plasticity and self-repair.
Mattson MP. Neuroprotective signaling and the aging brain: take away my food and let me run. Brain Res. 2000 Dec 15;886(1-2):47-53.
절식과 체온 감소 -> Slower metabolic processes (which equals lower body temperature and therefore reduced free radical activity) is achieved by dietary restriction
하루 건너 절식
A calorie-restricted diet triggers certain mechanisms in the body to increase the production of nerve growth factors (Hyun 2006).
Restricting caloric intake to 60-70% of normal adult weight maintenance requirement prolongs lifespan 30-50% and confers near perfect health across a broad range of species. Every other day feeding produces similar effects in rodents, and profound beneficial physiologic changes have been demonstrated in the absence of weight loss in ob/ob mice (Johnson 2006)
The alternate day calorie restriction can be achieved by one day consuming 20-50% of estimated daily caloric requirement and the next day ad lib eating (Johnson 2006). There was no reduction in calories overall, but that the subjects were eating, on alternate days, either 900 calories or 2300 calories, averaging 1600, and that body weight was maintained. Thus they consumed either 56% or 144% of daily caloric requirement (Johnson 2006).
Hyun DH, Emerson SS, Jo DG, Mattson MP, de Cabo R. Calorie restriction up-regulates the plasma membrane redox system in brain cells and suppresses oxidative stress during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 26;103(52):19908-12. Epub 2006 Dec 13.
Johnson JB, Laub DR, John S. The effect on health of alternate day calorie restriction: eating less and more than needed on alternate days prolongs life.
Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(2):209-11. Epub 2006 Mar 10
절식이 수명 연장
One research suggest that 2 biomarkers of longevity (fasting insulin level and body temperature) are decreased by prolonged calorie restriction in humans.
The very low-calorie diet included 890 kcal/d until 15% weight reduction, followed by a weight maintenance diet.
Heilbronn LK, et al.; Pennington CALERIE Team. Effect of 6-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006 Apr 5;295(13):1539-48. Erratum in: JAMA. 2006 Jun 7;295(21):2482
The biomarkers of longevity include lower plasma insulin levels and greater sensitivity; lower body temperatures; reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness; elevated HDL; and slower age-related decline in circulating levels of DHEAS.
Roth GS, Ingram DK, Lane MA. Caloric restriction in primates and relevance to humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Apr;928:305-15
절식이 활성산소를 줄인다.
Part of the physiological change seen in mice on dietary restriction is a reduction of their metabolic rates. Their internal biological activities were slowed down with the very real benefit of reducing free radical activity.
Leon Chaitow. Body Temperature and Life Extension. Available URL from:http://www.healthy.net/scr/article.asp?ID=1223
낮은 혈당과 온도가 수명 연장
The characteristics of calorie-restricted and methionine-restricted mice modles of extended longevity include reduced body temperature; reduced thyroid, and blood glucose concentrations; and low glycated hemoglobin; in addition to reduced incidence of cancer. Young naked mole-rats surprisingly have high levels of accrued oxidative damage.
Buffenstein R. The naked mole-rat: a new long-living model for human aging research. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005 Nov;60(11):1369-77.
키워드: body temp AND life
추위 못 견디는 것이 노화
Aging is associated with diminished cold-induced thermoregulation (CIT). The mechanisms accounting for this phenomenon have yet to be clearly elucidated but most likely reflect a combination of increased heat loss and decreased metabolic heat production.
Florez-Duquet M, McDonald RB. Cold-induced thermoregulation and biological aging. Physiol Rev. 1998 Apr;78(2):339-58.
적당한 스트레스가 수명 연장
Mimetic triggers of the stress response promise the option of tricking the induction of metabolic pathways that confer resistance to environmental challenges, increased healthy life span, rejuvenation, and disease intervention without the danger of overwhelming damage by the stressor.
Sonneborn JS. The myth and reality of reversal of aging by hormesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1057:165-76.
비만의 진화적 의미
Man is the only primate without fur. Hence subcutaneous fat constitutes the only means of insulation. Why Homo sapiens, alone among the primates, substituted fat for fur as insulation is not know, but one plausible explanation may be the adoption of a semi-aquatic style of living during evolutionary development.
Thong YH. Obesity in evolutionary perspective. Med Hypotheses. 1982 May;8(5):431-5