영어를 교육하는 방식이나 내용에 대한 고민은 영어교육자라면 달고 살거라고 믿어진다. 그러나 기존의 시험제도에 얽매여 교육할 수밖에 없는 한계가 가지는 부담감도 적지않다. 영어교육 매체들은 우후죽순처럼 생겨 넘쳐나지만 정말 '말할 수 있도록 하는' 영어교육을 위해 정진해야 할 요소들은 덜 진행된 상태인 듯 보인다. 정원장영어가 그러한 부분에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있기를 기대한다.
1. 말만 해!
대화의 상대가 부탁할 것이 있어 보여서, '말만 해! (뭐든 들어줄테니!)'라고 말하는 경우가 있다. 그런데 이것을 영작을 하든지, 말을 해보라고 하면 뭐라고 말할까?
대체로 'Only tell!', "Just say!'와 같이 표현할 것이 틀림없다. 그러나 말하고자 하는 의도가 전혀 다른 표현이다. '말하기만 하라(행동따위는 하지말고, 숨기지말고)!'의 느낌이 있는 표현이다.
1) 문법을 열심히 공부한 학생의 표현은 어떨까?
Tell me whatever(=anything that, what) you want! 정도의 표현을 사용한다. '니가 원하는 건 뭐든 말해!' 충분한 의사전달은 된다. 그러나 이런 표현은 실생활대화에서 자주 사용되지 않는다. 한국의 교육이 말이 아닌 문법중심, 글중심이기 때문에 생기는 현상일 것이다.
2) 실생활 표현
'Just name it', 'You name it!'아주 단순하고 깔끔한 표현으로 이것이 빈번히 사용된다. 학교든 학원이든 개인수업이든 문법중심의 틀에서 벗어나지 못한다면, 이러한 표현들을 하도록 교육하지 못하는 결과를 낳을 것이다.
you name it informal : anything you could say or think of something that you say which means anything you say or choose 당신이 말하거나 생각할 수 있는 것은 다, 무엇이든 간에 We have desks, chairs, dining room tables and wall units. You name it. 책상, 의자, 식탁, 벽장 등 무엇이든 말씀만 하세요. Regardless of their shape, they'll play on any computer CD-ROM drives and will allow you to add music, video, graphics - you name it. 이 CD는 모양에 상관없이 어떠한 컴퓨터의 CD롬 드라이브에서 재생되며, 음악, 영상, 그림 등 뭐든지 추가할 수 있다. There's plenty to do here – you can hike, bike, camp, canoe, you name it. As a messenger I've delivered classified documents, videotapes, bottles of liquor, candy, coffee makers, you name it. I've tried just about every diet there is going, you name it and I've done it. What would you like? Gin, vodka, lager, wine? You name it, we've got it. You name it. Anytime's okay for us. 당신이 말씀해 보세요. 우린 아무 때나 좋으니까요. Just name it! A shortened way of saying, "tell me anything you want or need."뭐든 말만해 Anywhere you want to go, (you) just name it. 어디든 가고 싶은 곳 있으면 말해봐. "I will help you with whatever you need, just name it." |
3) 참고할 표현들
2. 내가 총대 멜께! / 내가 책임질께!
'총을 어께에 멜께(I will shoulder the rifle)!'나 'Gun barrel to the left(or right) shoulder!'의 뜻이 아닌 것은 상식이 있는 분이라면 잘 알 것이다.
gun barrel a tube through which a bullet travels when a gun is fired
|
1) 'I will take a bullet (for ~)!'
교육현장에서 거의 학습되지 못하지만, English news에도 가끔 등장하는 표현이다.
take a bullet (for something/something) 1. Literally, to jump in front of and absorb the impact of a bullet from a gun being fired at someone else = get shot, take a slug 2. By extension, to accept or put oneself in the way of some misfortune, difficulty, blame, or danger as a means of protecting someone else. Would you ever "take a bullet" for someone else? I don't know why you always feel like you have to take the bullet for your bosses when they screw up. [screw up = make a mistake] They never reward your loyalty in any way. I used to take a lot of bullets when I worked as a PR representative for the senator. |
Bono reveals that Adam Clayton tried to take a bullet
for him at a US gig [THE IRISH SUN]
gig : a job for a musician, an actor, etc. 음악가, 배우 등의 공연
2) 표현 비교
(1) take (the, full) responsibility for
You should take responsibility for your actions.
Apple must take responsibility for their faulty phone.
I will take responsibility for his safety.
(2) answer for : to take responsibility for (something) (어떤 것)에 대해 책임을 지다
I can't answer for their safety. [=I can't promise that they will be safe]
You will have to answer for your behaviour one day. 네가 언젠가는 네 행동에 대해 책임을 져야 할 것이다.
(3) shoulder
shoulder to deal with or accept (something) as your responsibility or duty (어떤 일)을 자신의 책임이나 의무로 맡거나 받아들이다 <<떠맡다, 짊어지다>> ▪ The company will shoulder the costs of the repairs. ▪ She shouldered the full burden of raising three children. |
(4) take one's Sam upon it (속어) 책임지다, 장담하다
I won't take my Sam upon it!
Sam
유사한 표현들이 더 있지만 위의 것들만으로도 문법이나 수능이나 인증시험이 영어학습이의 근간이 되어서는 안된다는 것이 증명되는 셈 아닌가요?
3) 유사 표현들
(1) 탓하다
a) blame : ~ sb/sth (for sth) | ~ sth on sb/sth …을 탓하다, 책임[때문]으로 보다
Don't blame me for your problems. = Don't blame your problems on me.
The company blames the poor economy for its financial losses. = The company blames its financial losses on the poor economy.
My father always blames everything on me.
I blame the poor harvest on the weather.
She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death. 그녀는 아버지의 죽음에 대해 아무도 탓하지 않는다.
have yourself to blame
▪ She has only herself to blame for her money problems.
b) find fault (with)
to find things wrong with someone or something, to criticize someone or something 사람이나 사물의 흠을 잡다
We were unable to find fault with his arguments.
Sally's father was always finding fault with her.
▪ No matter what she did, her husband was always finding fault. — 대개 + with ▪ Her husband found fault with everything she did.
(2) 기인하다, 원인이 되다
학교시험에서 자주 출제되는 표현이다. 유사표현들을 알고 있어야 정답을 맞출 수 있는 문제가 출제되기도 한다.
a) attribute A to B
to say that (something) is because of (someone or something) (어떤 것)이 … 때문이라고 말하다
▪ He attributes his success to his coach. [=he credits his success to his coach] ▪ His doctor attributes his health problems to a poor diet and a lack of exercise.
b) come(arise, spring, result, stem) from
come from to have (a specified origin or source) (특정한 근원이나 출처)를 가지고 있다
▪ Wine comes from grapes. [=wine is made from grapes] ▪ English words come from a wide variety of sources.
spring from to start from or be caused by (something) (어떤 것)에서 시작되다, (어떤 것)에 의해 일어나다 <<비롯되다, 야기되다>>
▪ The idea sprang from [=came from] a dream I had.
arise from to begin at a source 어떤 근원에서 시작하다
The disease probably arose from a virus. ▪ The river arises from two main sources.
result from to happen because of something else that happened or was done before 이전에 발생하거나 행해진 다른 것 때문에 발생하다 : to be caused by something else 다른 것에 의해 초래되다 <<…의 결과로 생기다>>
The fire resulted from an explosion.
His success results from his efforts.
result in / result from과 잘 구분하기
result in (something) : to cause (something) to happen (어떤 것)이 발생하게 하다 <<야기하다>>
▪ The disease resulted in his death. : to produce (something) as a result (어떤 것)을 결과로 만들어 내다 <<…으로 끝나다, …하게 되다>> ▪ The trial resulted in an acquittal.
stem from to be caused by (something or someone) …에 의해 생기다 <<기인하다, 비롯되다>> : to come from (something or someone) …에서 유래하다
Most of her health problems stem from an accident she had when she was younger. ▪ His love of the outdoors stems from his father
c) cause
to make (something) happen or exist (어떤 것)이 발생·존재하게 하다 : to be the cause of (something) (어떤 것)의 원인이 되다
▪ He swerved and caused an accident. ▪ The flood caused great hardship. ▪ The illness is caused by a virus.
d) originate
to begin to exist 존재하기 시작하다 : to be produced or created 생산되다, 창조되다 <<비롯되다, 생기다, 나오다>>
▪ No one knows when or where the idea (first) originated. ▪ These stories originated during earlier times. ▪ The book originated as/from a series of lectures. ▪ The sound seemed to originate from outside the room. ▪ The custom is believed to have originated in the western U.S. ▪ That idea did not originate with him. [=he was not the first person to have that idea]
e) owe A to B B [A(사물)에 대하여 B(사람·사물)의] 은혜를 입고[신세를 지고] 있다, [
I owe my success to my teachers. [=my teachers deserve credit for my success] ▪ She owes her success to hard work. [=she has succeeded because of hard work] ▪ He owes his wealth to his father. ▪ He owes his fame to several movies. [=he is famous because he was in several movies] ▪ His success owes more to luck than skill. [=is more because of luck than skill] ▪ I owe my life to the surgeon's skill. [=the surgeon's skill saved my life] ▪ We owe our understanding of gravity to Newton.
f) bring about
bring about (something) also bring (something) about : to cause (something) (뭔가)를 일으키다 <<초래하다>>
▪ “What brought about the crisis?” “It was brought about by many factors.”
g) create
to cause (a particular situation) to exist (특정한 상황)이 생기게 하다
▪ You created [=made, caused] this mess, and now you'll have to fix it. ▪ We need everyone's help in creating [=developing] a better society. ▪ It can be hard to create a balance between work and family. ▪ She creates a friendly and welcoming atmosphere for her guests. ▪ The advertisements are intended to create demand for the product.
h) induce
to cause (something) to happen or exist (어떤 것)이 발생하거나 존재하게 하다 <<유발하다>>
▪ medication to induce vomiting ▪ Her illness was induced by overwork. ▪ drug-induced sleep ▪ a stress-induced illness
i) provoke
to cause the occurrence of (a feeling or action) (감정이나 행동)이 생기게 하다 : to make (something) happen (어떤 일)이 일어나게 하다 <<유발하다>>
▪ His remarks provoked both tears and laughter. ▪ His insults were intended to provoke [=start] a fight. ▪ The results of the election have provoked [=generated] a lot of discussion. ▪ ideas that are likely to provoke [=stimulate] change
4) 참고 표현
take the(a) lead
1. 지도적 위치를 차지하다; (…하는 데) 선두에 서다[in doing]; 솔선 수범하다
You take the lead [=go first] and we'll follow right behind you.
Her car has taken/gained the lead. = Her car has gone to/into the lead.
She took the lead in setting the pace of the project.
유사표현도 더 많이 있습니다. 그러나 위의 예로서 영어를 어떻게 교육할 것인지에 대한 새로운 기준이나 방향이 모색되기를 희망하는 맘이 충분히 표현되었다고 사료됩니다.