인칭대명사의 비밀을 풀어라!

[푸스머프]

1. 인칭대명사[personal pronoun]에 숨겨진 비밀들

  인칭대명사에 대한 교육이나 학습을 하면서 의문점이나 신기함을 가져본 분이 있을까? 인칭대명사는 그것의 본래와는 다른 뭔가를 함께 표현할 수 있는 능력을 지니고 있다는 것을 낌새차린 학습자라면 인칭대명사에 대해 기존의 영어교육이 못한 부분을 눈치챈 것이다. 이제 인칭대명사가 무엇을 더 나타낼 수 있는지 알아보자.

  1] 목소리나 한 말의 의미, 의도

(do) you hear me?                 

내 말 알아들었니?

You can't go—do you hear me?

넌 못 가, 알겠니?

(do) you read me?

1. Of radio or other telecommunication, a question of whether the receiver can hear and understand the transmission. (무선에서) 내 말 들리는가?

 Bob, you read me? What is the situation from your position? A: "Air traffic control, do you read me? We have experienced a malfunction in one of our engines." B: "Copy that, pilot. We are monitoring your position."

2. By extension, a question of whether the listener understands what the speaker is saying or trying to convey.

(구어) 내 말 알아듣겠어?

We need these delivered by 5 PM sharp, do you read me? Don't be late! I want you to pay a visit to our pal Lenny and "take care of him." Make sure he can never testify in court, you read me?

sound like : to have a voice that is like the voice of (someone else) (어떤 사람)의 목소리와 비슷한 목소리를 갖고 있다  
He sounds just like you.

I think I understood you.  [니 말, 너의 의도 등]

I will put you down as saying one additional night. [you 너의 말, 요청 (호텔에서)]

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  2] (상대의 장소를 가리켜서) 사람들

  Do you have much rain here?         이 곳에는 비가 많이 옵니까?

  We have much snow in winter.

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  3] 그 사람이 타고 있거나 운전하고 있는 차량을 가리켜

  A sports car overtook us. [us는 우리가 타고 있는 차량이 될 수 있음]

  Garcia was gaining on her opponent throughout the car race, but only overtaken at the very end.  [gain on :  to come nearer to (someone or something that is ahead of you in a race or competition) (경주나 시합에서 앞서 있는 사람이나 사물)에 더 가까이 다가가다, 접근하다]

  I cracked up [=crashed] on a curve in the road.  [I = My car]

crack up or crack up (something) also crack (something) up US, informal :  to damage (a vehicle) by crashing 충돌하여 (자동차)에 손상을 입히다

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  4] 사람을 묶어 놓은 밧줄 따위

 Cut her loose!  이 표현을 듣고 그녀에게 칼을 들이대 위해를 가하는 우를 범하지 않기를!^^

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  5] 가게나 상점

  Do you have some shoes in size 9?    you는 신발가게 입니다.

  A : The pizza house is closed at the moment.  B : They open at 10 on Sunday.  [They는 피자가게]

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  6] 기타 알아야 할 것들

  1] (상대와 거의 동일시되는, 연상시키는 또는 아주 비슷한 것·사람이나 물건을 가리켜서)

It was like seeing another you.      마치 또 하나의 너를 보는 것 같았어.      

That bright red shirt just  isn't you.   그런 화려한 붉은 셔츠는 당신한테 안 어울려요.

  2] (상대의 성질·인격 등을 가리켜서) 상대의 개성, 본래 모습

You should never try to conceal the real you.          참다운 자신을 감추려 해서는 안 돼

Try to discover the hidden you.   숨은 당신의 참모습을 찾아내려고 노력해라.

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2. 소유격 관련 표현들

  1] be my quest

used in speech to say that someone is welcome to do or take something, used to give somebody permission to do something that they have asked to do

일상 대화에서 어떤 사람에게 마음대로 어떤 것을 하거나 가져가라고 말할 때 씀 (상대방의 부탁을 들어주며 하는 말로) 그러세요[그래라]

  ▪ “Could I borrow your pen?” “Sure, be my guest.”

‘May I look at this book?' ‘Be my guest.'

‘Do you mind if I use the phone?' ‘Be my guest.'

  2] mind your own business

    : 사적인 일에 대해 더 이상 주시하거나 캐묻지 말라고 (흔히 다소 무례하게) 말할 때 쓰는 비격식체 어구
▪ Mind your own business and let them talk alone.◊(be) minding one's own business when something happens 어떤 일이 벌어질 때 늘 자신이 하는 일을 하면서 누구도 귀찮게 하지 않다
▪ I was walking down the street, minding my own business, when all of a sudden some man started yelling at me.

I hope you mind your own business.  나는 니가 너의 일에 신경을 썼음 좋겠어.

  3] a flea in one's ear   듣기 싫은 소리, 따끔하게 비꼬는 말

The flea in my ears makes me crazy.    비꼬는 말은 나를 미치게 한다.

  4] act one's age  

To act in accordance with one's expected level of maturity.  철없이 굴지 않고 나이에 맞게 행동하다 

Really, John, act your age a little, you're like a child sometimes. I'm glad that Sarah is so committed to her studies, but sometimes I wish she would act her age and go out with friends a bit.

John, act your age. You're not a kid anymore.

  5] a poor craftsman[=a bad workman] (always) blames his tools

If someone performs a job or task poorly or unsuccessfully, he or she will usually lay the blame on the quality of his or her equipment, or other such external factors, rather than take responsibility for his or her own failure.

서투른 무당이 장구만 나무란다 (속담)

After John spent all day assembling his new desk only to discover it was lopsided, he immediately declared that the package must have contained the wrong pieces. His wife replied, "only poor craftsmen blame their tools, dear."

A bad workman blames his tools and a poor journalist blames the scapegoat.

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3. 재귀대명사

  1] 어! 문법규칙에 어긋하는데! - 재귀대명사가 아니라 인칭대명사의 목적격을 사용하는 경우도 종종 있어요!

You should get you a wife now. 

       [목적어 you :  chiefly US a dialect word for yourself or yourselves]

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  2] 강조용법

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  3] 관용적 용법

    [1] 전치사 + 재귀대명사

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    [2] 동사 + 재귀대명사 ( + ~ )

      1) let oneself in for

 to cause (yourself) to have or experience (something bad or unpleasant) (나쁘거나 불쾌한 일)을 (자신)이 당하거나 겪게 하다 <<짊어지다>>  <책임 등을> 짊어지게 되다

She's letting herself in for a lot of trouble/criticism. ▪

When I agreed to help, I didn't know what I was letting myself in for. [=getting myself into]

I don't think he knew what he was letting himself in for.  그 자신을 어떤 곤란속으로 빠지게 하는지 몰랐나봐요.

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4. 소유대명사

you and yours

:  you and the people in your family or the people you care about 당신과 당신의 가족 또는 당신이 아끼는 사람들 <<댁내>>
▪ Best wishes to you and yours for a joyous holiday season.

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5. 기타 인칭대명사 관련 표현들

  현 영어교육 상황에서 영어라는 언어에 익숙해지고 원어민의 말을 쉽게 이해하며 의견 표현을 원할하게 하기 위해서는 어떤 표현들에 익숙해져야 할 것인지 생각하고 생각해 봐야 합니다. 아래의 것들은 그러한 숙고의 세월의 결과물이라고 할 수 있습니다.

pick-me-up	[count] :  something (such as a drink) that makes you feel better and more lively 기분이 나아지고 기운이 나게 해 주는 (술 같은) 것 <<자극제, 각성제>> ▪ Coffee is my usual morning pick-me-up. ▪ I could really use a pick-me-up after the day I just had.
hand-me-down	owned or used by someone else before you 자신보다 먼저 누군가가 소유한·사용한 <<중고의, 물려받은>> :  secondhand — used especially of clothing 특히 옷에 대해 씀 ▪ He was wearing an old, hand-me-down jacket. — 때때로 비유적으로 씀 ▪ He has some old-fashioned, hand-me-down notions about the role of women. — hand–me–down noun, plural -downs [count] ▪ Her closet was full of hand-me-downs from her older sisters.
forget-me-not	[count] :  a type of small plant that has bright blue flowers 담청색 꽃이 피는 작은 풀의 일종 <<물망초>>
between you and me [and the post/bedpost/doorpost/lamppost] between ourselves	in secret  비밀인데, 우리끼리 얘긴데 They shared a secret between them. ▪ (Just) Between you and me, I think he's wrong. [=I'm telling you that I think he's wrong, but you should not tell anyone else what I've told you] ▪ What I'm going to tell you should remain a secret (just) between us/ourselves.  Between you, me and the lamppost, I am leaving. 비밀인데, 나 떠날 거야.
you can say that again	used to indicate that you completely agree with something just said 다른 사람이 방금 한 말에 전적으로 동의함을 나타낼 때 씀 <<정말 그래요>> ▪ “She's in a bad mood.” “You can say that again.” [=she certainly is]
see you vs. you see	see you or see you around or see you later informal — used to say goodbye 작별 인사로 씀 ▪ “I guess I'll be going now.” “OK. (I'll) See you later.” you see used when you hope someone else will understand what you are saying or asking   You can say 'you see' when you are explaining something to someone, to encourage them to listen and understand. 있잖아[알겠지](무엇을 설명할 때) 그러니까, 저 말야 (※상대방에게 무엇을 알게 해줄 때나 부드럽게 말할 때에 쓰임. 문두·문중·문미에 모두 쓰이지만, 많이 사용하면 서투른 표현으로 간주되는 경우도 있음) You see, the thing is, we won't be finished before Friday. 있잖아요, 사실은 우리가 금요일 전에 끝이 안 날 것 같아요.   "I was late for school again." "You see! I'm always telling you to leave the house early."                                        「학교에 또 지각했어.」 「그러니까 집에서 일찍 출발하라고 늘 말하잖아.」 Well, you see, you shouldn't really feel that way about it. She was a prime target for blackmail, don't you see? You see, it's better if you do your homework before dinner. You see, I'm one of those people who likes to try new things.
as 원급 as they come	used to describe someone or something as very good, bad, etc. 사람 또는 사물이 매우 좋거나 나쁘거나 하다고 묘사할 때 씀  매우[더없이] …한   ▪ Their daughter is as clever as they come. [=their daughter is very clever] ▪ The movie was as boring as they come. [=the movie was extremely boring]
now you are talking	used to say that someone has said or suggested something that you think is good, worth doing, etc.  used for showing interest and enthusiasm about something just said, for example a good suggestion  자기 생각에 좋거나 할 만한 가치가 있거나 한 것을 어떤 사람이 말했거나 제안했다고 말할 때 씀 <<바로 그거야, 이제야 말이 통하네>> ▪ “You don't want hamburgers. Well, how about steak?” “Yeah, now you're talking.” ‘Why don't we go to Paris for the weekend?' ‘Now you're talking!'
you're telling me	used to say that you already know and completely agree with something that was just said 어떤 사람이 방금 한 말을 자기도 이미 알고 있거나 그 말에 전적으로 동의한다고 말할 때 씀 <<내 말이 바로 그 말이에요>> 전적으로 동의해요  ▪ “This hot weather is brutal.” “You're telling me.” ‘Cooking for ten people is hard work.' ‘You're telling me!'
talk oneself out of sth	to avoid (something unpleasant or undesirable) by saying things to make other people forgive or excuse you 다른 사람이 자기를 용서하거나 양해해 주도록 말을 해서 (불쾌하거나 불미스러운 일)을 모면하다 (구어) <곤경 등을> 교묘한 말로[변명으로] 모면하다  ▪ She talked herself out of trouble. = She talked her way out of trouble. [=she got herself out of trouble by talking] ▪ He talked his way out of staying to clean up after the party.
let (someone) in on (something)	to allow (someone) to know (a secret) (어떤 사람)에게 (비밀)을 알려 주다 (비밀스러운 일 등에) ~를 끼워 주다 let somebody into something   ▪ He said he'd let me in on a secret if I promised not to tell anyone else. Are you going to let them in on your plans? 그들을 자네들 계획에 끼워 줄 건가?
Let me have it! or Let's have it!	Inf. Tell me the news.  자, 들어 봅시다, 말해 보시오 Bill: I'm afraid there's some bad news. Bob: Okay. Let me have it! Bill: The plans we made did away with your job. Bob: What? John: I didn't want to be the one to tell you this. Bob: What is it? Let's have it! What's your secret? Let me have it. 당신의 비밀이 뭐에요? 말해봐요!
let me see or let's see or let me think	used in speech by someone who is trying to remember something 일상 대화에서 어떤 것을 기억해 내려고 하는 사람이 씀 <<어디 보자>> 가만 있자, 글쎄다  ▪ Let me see, where did I put my keys? ▪ Let's see, how long did it take last time? ▪ What was the name of that restaurant? Let me think. Oh, that's right: “The High Street Café.” Now let me see—where did he say he lived?  저, 가만 있자, 그가 어디 산다고 했지?
let 사람 off with	to punish somebody lightly for something wrong they have done; to not punish somebody at all   to allow (someone who has been caught doing something wrong or illegal) to go without being punished (그릇되거나 불법적인 일을 하다 발각된 사람)이 처벌 받지 않고 가게 해 주다 <봐주다>  She was let off with a fine. The police officer let her off with just a warning.  They let him off easy/easily/lightly, if you ask me. [=I do not think he was punished as severely as he could/should have been] 참고[인증시험에도 나오니 기억하기] give (someone) a break to stop treating (someone) in a strict or harsh way  give somebody a chance; not judge somebody too harshly (사람)을 더 이상 엄격하거나 가혹하게 대하지 않다  ~에게 기회를 주다; ~를 너그럽게 봐주다  ▪ Don't criticize him so much. He's doing the best he can. Why don't you give him a break? Give the lad a break—it's only his second day on the job. 그 앨 좀 너그럽게 봐 줘. 일 시작한 지 겨우 이틀째잖아.
give me a break	1 — used to tell someone to stop bothering you or treating you unfairly 사람에게 더 이상 괴롭히거나 부당하게 대하지 말라고 말할 때 씀   (비격식) 그만 좀 해! “Aren't you finished yet?” “Give me a break! I only started 10 minutes ago!” "The accident wasn't my fault, so give me a break." I didn't mean it like that, so give me a break! 2 — used to say that you do not believe or are disgusted about what someone has said or done  it is difficult to believe this is true or real 어떤 사람이 한 말이나 행동을 믿지 않거나 아주 싫어한다고 말할 때 씀 <<말도 안돼!>>  “He says he went to Harvard.” “Give me a break! I doubt he even graduated from high school!” ▪ He wants more money? Give me a break! [=it's ridiculous/outrageous that he wants more money] This guy is going around saying he's from another planet and getting paid for it - I mean, give me a break! You're going to run in tomorrow's marathon? Give me a break!
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  정원장영어와 함께 하시면 진국의 교육[학습]자료를 접하실 수 있습니다. 정원장영어를 응원해 주실 것을 믿으며.