제1장.上經(상경) 21訓(훈) 157事(사)
Chapter 1. Upper Classic : 21 Teachings, 157 Deeds.
제 4강령 濟(제)......일(구제)......第146事
The 4th Principle : Salvation / Relief(濟,제)... Work(Rescue)... Case 146.
제 1규. 時(시)......때......第147事
Rule 1 : Time(時,시)... The Right Moment... Natter No. 147
제 4모 凍莩(동표)......굶고 얼어서 죽음......第151事
Section 4 : Dongpyo(凍莩,동표 - Freezing and Starving to Death)...
Dying of Hunger and Cold... Case No. 151
凍莩(동표)는 굶어 죽되 추운 겨울에 굶고 얼어서 죽는 것이다.
'Dongpyo(凍莩,동표)' means to die of starvation, specifically to freeze and starve
to death during the cold winter.
네 가지업(農,學,商,工,농,학,상,공)을 하는 집에 교화를 입지 못한 사람이 있어,
맡은바 직업이 없이 안일함을 즐기고 한가함을 찾아 입는 것으로 높이고 먹는 것으로 숭상하려 하면
그 잔꾀가 오래가지 못하므로 마침내 얼어서 굶어 죽음에 이르게 된다.
If there is a person within a household engaged in the four major occupations― farming, studying,
commerce, or manufacturing(農,學,商,工,농,학,상,공)―who has failed to receive proper mpral education,
such a person will lack a designated profession, indulge in complacency,
and swwk only leisure. If they prioritize wearing fine clothes and place supreme
value on eating well, their shallow, petty tricks will not last long,
and they will eventually come to freeze and starve to death.
따라서 哲人(철인)은 만물을 구제함에 반드시 이러한 사람부터 우선적으로 가르쳐서 사람답게 살도록 한다.
Therefore, when a wise sage(哲人,철인) seeks to save all living things,
they must give priorty to teaching these kinds of people first,
helping them to live a truly human life.
[Original Text, 원문]
凍莩者는 凍餓死也라 四業之家에 (동표자는 동아사야라 사업지가에)
Those who freeze and starve to death(凍莩,동표) are those who die of both cold and hunger.
Among households engaged in the fout occupations.
有不霑敎化者는 擔賴無業하고 (유불점교화자는 담뢰무업하고)
if there is anyone who has not been thoroughly imbued with moral education,
they will become lazy, dependent, and devoid of an occupation;
嗜逸訪閒하며 尊衣尙飮하나니 (기일방한하며 존의상음하나니)
they will indulge in complacency, seek out leisure,
and place utmost value on fine clothing and abundant dining.
其謀不長하여 竟至凍莩라 (기모부장하여 경지동표라)
However, their shallow schemes cannot endure for long,and in the end,
they inevitably meet their demise by freezing and starving.
故로 哲人濟物에 必先于此니라. (고로 철인제물에 필선우차니라.)
Trerefore, when a wise sage seeks to save and benefit all creation,
they must always begin by prioritizing these individuals.
[Explanation, 풀이]
우리 배달민족의 경전에서 말하는 敎化(교화)란 그 기본이 직업을 가지고 열심히 일을 하여
가정을 이루고 부모를 공경하고 자식을 가르쳐 훌륭한 인재로 장성케 하며
일단 국가 유사시에는 목숨을 버려 나라를 구하는 사람으로 가르치는 것이 가장 근본이 된다.
The fundamental conccept of 'Gyohwa(敎化,교화 - moral education / enlightenment)
spoken of in the sacred texts of our Baedal nation is to teach people the most basic virtues:
to hold a job, work diligently, build a family, revere one′s parents,
and educate one′s children so they can grow into outstanding individuals.
Furthermorem its ultimate core lies in teaching people to willingly sacrifice
their lives to ssave the nation in times of national crisis.
동서고금의 어느 나라에서도 보편당성을 갖는 이 기본적인 敎化(교화)가 잘못 신비적이고
관념적으로 흘러가고 형식에 매달리게되면 가정을 버리고, 직업을 버리며, 자식도 버리는 괴이한 내용으로 변질된다.
If this fundamental 'Gyohwa'―which holds universal validity across any country
throughout history ―lapses into misguided mysticism, becomes purely conceptual,
or clings obsessively to empty formalities,
it degenerates into a bizarre doctrine that prompts people to abandon their families,
their occupations, and even their own children.
또 국가와 민족보다는 자신이 믿는 종교나 이념을 우선시하는 무국적, 무가정의 무책임하기 이를데 없는
괴이쩍은 이론으로 변질되 신비롭고 우선 듣기에 달콤한 내용으로 포장됨을 쉽게 볼 수 있다.
Moreover, it easily mutates into an eccentric theory that prioritizes one′s personal
religious beliefs or ideologies over the state and the nation.
It manifests as a peak of irresponsibility, lacking allegiancce to either nation or family,
and is often cleverly packaged with mystical and sweet-sounding rhetoric.
만물의 영장인 인간으로서는 부끄러운 일이 아닐 수 없는 것이다.
For human beinfss, who are meant to be the lords of all creation,
this cannot but be a deeply shameful matter.