1. 원급 비교
(1) as + 형용사ㆍ부사의 원급 + as~는 ‘~만큼 …한(하게)’의 뜻으로, 둘 사이를 비교해서 같다는 것을 나타내주므로 원급 비교 또는 동등 비교라고 한다. as ~ as의 부정문은 not as(so)~as …로서 ‘~만큼 …하지 못하다’의 뜻이다.
ㆍYumi is as tall as Mina.
ㆍShe is not as old as Yumi.
(2) 원급 비교 구문
ㆍI ran as fast as possible.
ㆍChina is twenty times as large as Japan.
ㆍHe works as hard as ever, but he remains poor.
ㆍHe runs as fast as any in his class.
1. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?
There are three kinds of book owners. The first has the standard sets and bestsellers, (A) which/that he has neither read nor touched. This person simply possesses paper and ink, not books. The second has a great many books. A few of them (B) has been/have been read through, but most of them are as (C) clean/ cleanly as the day they were bought. The third has a few books or many‐every one of them loosened by continual use, marked and written in from front to back. This man really gets possession of books.
·(A) (B) (C)
①·which has been clean
②·which have been clean
③·that has been cleanly
④·that have been cleanly
⑤·that has been clean
2. 비교 구문
(1) A … 비교급 ~ +than + B: A는 B보다 더 ~하다
A … less + 원급 ~ + than + B: A는 B보다 덜 ~하다
비교급은 형용사나 부사 뒤에 -er이나 앞에 more를 붙여서 ‘~보다 더 ~한’이라는 뜻으로, 어떤 것 두 개를 비교할 때 쓰는 형태를 말한다.
ㆍHe is taller than Namsu.
ㆍHe likes music better than art.
(2) 비교급으로의 최상급 표현
① 비교급…+than any other + 단수 명사~: 어떤 다른 ~보다도 더 …한
ㆍHe is stronger than any other boy in his class.
② 비교급 + than anyone[anything] else: 어떤 다른 ~보다도 더 …한
ㆍHe is stronger than anyone else in his class.
③ 비교급 + than all the other + 복수명사: 어떤 다른 ~보다도 더 …한
ㆍHe is stronger than all the other boys in his class.
④ No (other) + 명사…비교급 + than ~: 어떤 무엇도 ~보다 더 …하지 못하다
ㆍNo other metal is more precious than gold.
⑤ Nothing[Nobody] is + 비교급 + than A: 어떤 것도 A보다 더 …한 것은 없다.
ㆍNothing is more precious than time.
2. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어색한 부분을 고르시오.
My only sister and I are younger than (A) any other children. When we small, my mother (B) would often take time off her medical work and (C) take us for a walk. She always had my sister on her right to have better control of a very lively little girl. I walked at her left side, and she (D) held my right hand.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D)
⑤ 답 없음
3. 라틴어 비교급
어미가 -or인 형용사의 비교급은 than 대신에 to를 사용하며, 이 때 to는 전치사이므로 ‘to + 목적격’으로 사용된다. 라틴어 비교에 사용되는 형용사들은 superior, inferior, senior, junior, exterior, interior, anterior, posterior, major, minor 등이 있다. 특히, prefer는 어미가 -er이지만 than 대신에 to를 사용한다.
ㆍHe is three years senior to me.
= He is my senior by three years.
= He is three years older than I.
ㆍThis is superior to that.
= This is better than that.
ㆍMy mother preferred chatting to watching television.
= My mother preferred to chat rather than watch television.
3. 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오
I think my honeymoon should be a glorious memory. So I think a lot about ① where to go and what to do. I ② prefer than go to a small village ③ where few people live. Because we hate busy places. We want to save money because we don't have ④ plenty of money. And we can enjoy the quiet place of ⑤ no other people being around.
4. 비교급 강조 부사
형용사나 부사의 정도를 수식하는 부사에는 급이 있다. very는 ‘매우’라는 뜻으로 원급의 형용사ㆍ부사를 수식하는 강조 부사이며, 비교급을 강조하려면 even, still, much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal등 ‘훨씬’이라는 뜻의 강조 부사를 사용해야 한다.
ㆍIt's much easier than I expected.
ㆍIt's a lot easier than I expected.
ㆍMy high school is a lot bigger than junior high school.
4. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 자연스럽지 못한 것은?
In order to succeed, students ①need access to the Internet. The Internet is an important resource for students and ②an effective teaching tool for educators. With computers, children ③develop learning readiness skills at ④many earlier age than the previous generation. Computers ⑤create more of an interest in learning than teachers alone can generate.
5. 비교급에 the를 사용해야 하는 경우
원급이나 비교급에는 원칙적으로 the를 붙일 수 없고, the는 최상급에만 쓰는 것이지만 다음 3가지 경우에는 비교급 앞에 the를 붙인다.
(1) the + 비교급 + of the two: 둘 중에서 더 ~한
ㆍTom is the taller of the two boys.
(2) the + 비교급~, the + 비교급 -: ~하면 할수록 더 -하다
ㆍThe more we have, the more we want.
(3) the + 비교급 - for[because]~: ~ 때문에 더욱 더 -한
ㆍI feel all the better for the walk.
ㆍI like him none the less for his faults.
5. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 자연스럽지 못한 것은?
We cannot read (A) a good and interesting book for an hour (B) without being better and happier for it. (C) Nor is the benefit momentary, for the memory remains with us, and stores of bright and happy thoughts (D) may be called up whenever we wish.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C)
④ (D) ⑤ 답 없음
6. 비교 구문의 관용 표현
(1) had better(=would rather)+동사원형: ~하는 편이 낫다
ㆍYou had better see a doctor at once.
(2) no more than(=only) 단지
ㆍHe has no more than two friends.
(3) no less than(=as much as, =as many as): ~만큼 많은
ㆍHe has no less than twenty friends.
(4) A is no more B than C is D: A가 B가 아닌 것은 C가 D가 아닌 것과 같다.
(=not ~ any more than = not ~ just as ~ not)
ㆍA whale is no more a fish than a horse is (a fish).
(5) 긍정문~, much more(=still more): 더욱 더 잘 한다.
부정문~, much less(=still less): 더욱 더 못 한다.
ㆍThe baby can walk very well, much more run.
ㆍHe cannot speak English, much less French.
(6) no better than(=as good as): ~와 다름 없는
ㆍHe is no better than a beggar.
(7) 비교의 비유 표현: 매우 ~한
as poor as a church mouse: 몹시 가난한
as blind as a bat: 전혀 보이지 않는
as dumb as an oyster: 굳게 입을 다문
as cunning as a fox: 매우 교활한
as busy as a bee: 매우 부지런한
as greedy as a wolf: 매우 탐욕스러운
6. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 어법상 적절하지 않은 문장은?
①In order to get a license to drive a taxi in Washington. D.C., candidates have to pass a detailed examination. ② They have to learn not only the streets, landmarks, and hotels, but also the best way to get to them. ③ They are examined not only on the routes, but also on the best routes at different times of day. D.C. cabs don’t have meters. ④ Passengers are charged according to how many zones they are driven through. ⑤So candidates have to learn all the zones, much less all the routes.
7. 여러 개 있을 때 열거하는 부정대명사
정관사(the)는 정해진 것, 부정관사(a)는 정해지지 않은 막연한 것을 의미한다. 마지막에 하나 남은 것은 the other(=the rest), 나머지 모두를 말할 때는 the others로 표현한다.
(1) 2개만 있을 때: one, the other
ㆍI have two sons; one is a doctor, and the other is a painter.
(2) 3개 있을 때: one , another(=a second), the third(=the other)
(3) 4개 있을 때: one, another(=a second), a third, the fourth(=the other)
(4) 막연히 열거할 때: some~, others~
some(일부는 ~하고), others(또 일부는 ~하다), 여기서 others는 막연히 다른 것들을 말한다. 따라서 some, others 제외하고도 남아있는 나머지는 the others(=the rest)를 쓰면 된다.
Some~, others~/some~, others~, others~/ some~, others~, the others~
7. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 어법상 적절하지 않은 문장은?
① Throughout history some people have said telepathy exits. ② The other have said it is not possible. ③Many experiments have been done by modern scientists who wanted to know which group is right. ④But the idea of experimenting is not as new as you might think. ⑤Over two thousand years ago in Greece, a king tried out an experiment of his own.
8. because, while, during의 용법
(1) because는 이유, 원인의 종속접속사로 since, as와 의미가 같다. 접속사이므로 뒤에는 ‘주어 + 동사’가 온다는 점을 기억해 둔다. 마찬가지로 while도 접속사이기 때문에 뒤에는 ‘주어+동사’가 온다.
ㆍWhy were you sleeping? -Because I was tired.
ㆍHe was absent because he was sick.
= Because he was sick, he was absent
(2) because of는 전치사구로 다음에는 명사(구)가 온다. during도 전치사이므로 뒤에는 명사(구)가 온다.
ㆍHe couldn't go out because of the heavy rain.
ㆍHe came during my absence.
8. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?
Hollywood actress Nicole Kidman said her poor eyesight was a real help (A) during/while her first theatrical performance. "(B) An half hour/Half an hour before going through the play, I was really nervous," she said. "But I made it through the play (C) because/because of I could not see the audience," she added.
(A) (B) (C)
①during An half hour because
②during Half an hour because
③while An half hour because of
④while Half an hour because of
⑤while An half hour because
9. 이중 부정이 불가능한 경우
보통 영어에서도 다른 언어들과 같이 이중 부정이 되면 강한 긍정의 의미를 나타낸다. 하지만 다음과 같은 몇 가지 경우에는 이중 부정이 되면 문장이 틀리게 됨을 주의해야 한다.
(1) hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom 등의 준 부정어: 거의 ~않다
ㆍI can hardly believe it.
(2) unless + 주어 + 동사: 만약 ~하지 않는다면(=if ~ not)
ㆍYou will miss the bus unless you walk more quickly.
= You will miss the bus if you don't walk more quickly.
(3) lest ~ should: ~하지 않기 위해서
ㆍHe worked hard lest he should succeed.
(4) no one, nobody, none, nothing, nowhere가 포함된 문장에 no, not, never를 사용하면 틀린다.
(5) ‘nor + 동사 + 주어’, ‘neither + 동사 + 주어’ 문장에 no, not, never를 사용하면 틀린다.
9. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Unless the application of a new discovery ①is not clear and present, ②most people doubt its value. A story about the English scientist Michael Faraday ③illustrates the point. In his time, Faraday was ④an enormously popular scholar and lecturer, ⑤as well as a physicist and chemist of the first rank.
10. 결과를 나타내는 부사절
(1) so ~ that - : 너무 ~해서 -하다
ㆍThe problem was so difficult that I could not solve it.
(2) such ~ that - : 너무 ~해서 -하다
ㆍHe is such a kind boy that everybody likes him.
(3) 결과를 나타내는 부사절은 too ~ to +동사원형(=so~that not), so ~as(not) to +동사원형, enough to +동사원형, only to +동사원형, as a result of등의 부사구로 바꿀 수 있다.
ㆍHe is so rich that he can buy a motorcar.
=He is rich enough to buy a motorcar.
ㆍI was so tired that I could not take another step.
=I was too tired to take another step.
10. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?
An air traffic controller is under a great strain. He (A) supposes/is supposed to keep a safe distance between planes that are circling and awaiting landing instructions. However, the sky is (B) so/very crowded that the controller is sometimes (C) forces/ forced to control planes that are very close to each other. At the speeds jets travel, this can be very dangerous.
(A) (B) (C)
①supposes so forces
②supposes very forces
③is supposed so forced
④is supposed very forced
⑤is supposed so forces
11. 자동사+전치사로 이루어진 타동사구
‘자동사+전치사’로 이루어진 타동사구에서 전치사가 없으면 틀린다. 아래에 제시한 표현들은 관용 표현처럼 암기해 두어야 한다.
depend on=rest on=rely on=count on: 의지하다
stare at: 응시하다 send for: -을 부르러 보내다
wait for: 기다리다, wait on: 시중들다,
add to: 증가시키다 interfere with: 방해하다,
reply to: 응답하다, result in:-을 발생시키다
result from: -에서 발생되다, attend to: 유의하다
graduate from: 졸업하다, complain of/about: 불평하다
consist of: -로 구성되다, answer for: -에 대해 책임이 있다
conform to: 순응하다, insist on: 주장하다
participate in: 참가하다, experience with: 실험하다
arrive at: 도착하다, allow for: 고려하다
call on: 방문하다, call for: 요구하다
look after: 요구하다 look after: 돌보다
admit of: -의 여지가 있다 look for: 찾다
ㆍShe laughed at him.
ㆍI graduated from Korea University.
ㆍThe sound of radio upstairs interferes with my work.
11. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings ①depending the country you are in. ②Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many western countries; in Vietnam and Argentina, however, it is a bad gesture.③Making a V sign with the forefinger and middle finger, with the palm of your hand ④turned toward your body, ⑤is often used to mean a quantity of two. However, in the U.K. and Australia, this gesture is obscene.
12. 사물이 주어인 구문
(1) 사람주어 + can(=be able to)+동사원형~
=사물주어 + enable + 목적어 + to + 동사원형
ㆍPeople can travel through the air by airplanes.
=Airplanes enable people to travel through the air.
(2) 사람주어 + cannot + 동사원형~
=사물주어+prevent(keep, prohibit, hinder, stop, ban)+목적어 +from 동명사~
ㆍAs I am ill, I cannot attend the meeting.
=Because of my illness, I cannot attend the meeting.
=My illness prevents me from attending the meeting.
=MY illness forbids me to attend the meeting.
(3) 사람주어+have to(=must)+동사원형~
=사물주어+force(compel, oblige)+목적어+to+동사원형~
ㆍHe had to put off his departure because of the rain.
=The rain forced(=compelled, obliged) him to put off his departure.
12. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어색한 부분을 고르시오.
An ugly red nose did not (A) keep Rudolph to achieve fame in reindeer legend. His creator, Robert May, (B) worked for a department store in Chicago. May (C) felt thin and unloved as a youth, and he wrote a story about an unhappy animal jeered by its peers. During Christmas 1939, May gave copies of his story to (D) two million children entering the store.
①A ②B ③ C ④ D ⑤ 답없음
13. It takes ~ to+동사원형
take는 ‘데려가다, 가져가다, 필요로 하다, (시간 등이)걸리다’ 등의 여러 가지 뜻을 가지고 있지만, ‘(시간 등이)걸리다’라는 의미로 쓰일 경우에는 대부분 ‘It takes(will take/took) +사람+시간+to+동사원형~’을 사용하여 표현한다.
ㆍA: How long does it take to go home?
B: It takes me an hour(to go home).
ㆍIt took us an hour to get to the park by bus.
=It took us an hour for us to get to the park by bus.
=An hour's bus ride took us to the park.
=We rode in a bus for an hour, and got to the park.
13. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
The tornado caused ① a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. A tree ② fell right through the roof of Evalienna Carr's house. "I'm just glad everyone is OK," Carr said. "We can get the house ③ fixed." But, it will take a long time and much money ④ repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power ⑤ to go out in many homes.
14. 관사의 위치
원래 관사의 정해진 위치는 ‘관사+형용사+명사’나 ‘관사+부사+명사’이지만 다음과 같은 경우에는 관사의 위치에 주의를 기울여 사용해야 한다.
(1) such, half, all, both, double, twice가 관사와 함께 명사 앞에 쓰일 때에는 ‘such~+관사+(형용사)+명사’의 어순으로 쓰인다.
ㆍWe walked all the way home.
ㆍBoth the boys are alive.
(2) so, as, too, how, however가 부정관사와 함께 명사 앞에 쓰일 때에는 ‘so~+형용사+a(an)+명사’의 어순으로 쓰인다.
ㆍHe is as great a musician as ever lived.
ㆍHow big a house it is!
(3) quite, only, rather, what(감탄문)이 부정관사와 함께 명사 앞에 쓰일 때에는 ‘quite~a[an]+(형용사)+명사’의 어순으로 쓰인다.
ㆍIt's quite a strange story.
ㆍWhat a lucky man he is!
14. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어색한 부분을 고르시오.
They may (A) prefer to have their Sunday afternoon (B) undisturbed. It is (C) as an great impertinence for you willfully to trespass on their peace as it would be to go, (D) unasked, into their gardens and trample on their flower beds.
①A ②B ③ C ④ D ⑤ 답 없음
15. 시간ㆍ조건ㆍ양보를 나타내는 부사절에서의 생략
시간(when, while), 조건(if, unless), 양보(if, though, as if)의 부사절에서 주어가 주절의 주어와 같고, 동사가 be동사인 경우에 ‘주어+be동사’를 생략할 수 있다.
ㆍWhen (he was) a boy, he lost his parents.
ㆍStudy hard, while (you are) young.
ㆍIf (you are) honest, you ought to accept the suggestion.
15. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어색한 부분을 고치시오.
There are thousands of men who complain that no one can help them and who frown upon the success of others as due entirely to good luck and the influence of friends. The time spent in lamenting their lot, if applying to honest endeavor, would yield splendid results and gave them proper places in the world.
① apply to ②it applied to
③ if it applying to ④if applied to
⑤ 답 없음
16. 주의를 요하는 전치사의 종류와 용법
(1) at: 때의 일정 시점, 비교적 짧은 시간, on: 특정한 날(요일, 날짜)
in: 비교적 긴 시간(주, 달, 이름, 년, 계절, 세기)
this, that, last, next, every + 때를 나타내는 단어 앞의 at, in, on은 생략한다.
(2) by(~까지는): go, come, leave, start, be back, finish 등과 함께 쓰임
till(~까지는): stay, wait, work, last 등과 함께 쓰임.
ㆍI will be back by the end of April.
ㆍI will stay in London till the end of April.
(3) for(~동안): 숫자로 명시된 기간, during(~중에): 특정 기간 중의 한 때 또는 전 기간에 걸쳐, through(~내내, ~동안 줄곧)
ㆍHe has lived here for ten years.
ㆍShe kept silence during the meal.
(4) in(~후에, 지나면): 주로 미래에 쓰임. after(~후에): 주로 과거 시제와 같이
ㆍI will be back in a few days.
(5) 재료: of, from, 수단: by, with
ㆍShe wore a dress of silk at the party.
ㆍWine is made from grapes.
16. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?
The wind (A) bears/is born , high in the Rocky Mountains when winter storms move east across the continent. The storms pass over the mountaintops, and the wind comes blowing hard down the eastern slope. (B) As/While it moves, it increases in speed and temperature. (C) During/For one bad windstorm in Boulder, the temperature rose nearly 40 degrees in a few hours.
(A) (B) (C)
① bears As During
② bears While For
③ is born As During
④ is born While For
⑤ is born As For
17. 기타 전치사의 종류와 용법
(1) 원인ㆍ이유의 전치사
ㆍHe died of hunger.(~로 인해) - 병, 노화, 굶주림
ㆍHe died from wounds.(직접적인 원인) - 부주의, 과로, 부상
(2) 목적ㆍ결과의 전치사
① 목적: for, after, on
ㆍHe went for a walk.
② 결과: to, into
ㆍThe picture turned into swan.
③ between(둘 사이에), among(셋 이상 사이에)
ㆍThe river flows between the two countries.
ㆍSHINWHA's songs are very popular among young girls.
④ 찬성ㆍ반대: for, against
ㆍWe will fight against the enemy.
⑤ despite: 양보(~에도 불구하고)= in spite of, with all, for all
17. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?
Life is full of choices. We often choose (A) between/among doing something the easy way and doing something the hard way. (B) Fortunately/ Unfortunately, we almost always choose the easy way because it's just easier. For example, we almost always choose to take the easiest job, or to find the easiest people to talk to at a party. However, these choices are not always the best choices. Sometimes by (C) choose/choosing the hardest way, there is more to gain.
(A) (B) (C)
① between Fortunately choose
② between Unfortunately choosing
③ among Fortunately choose
④ among Unfortunately choosing
⑤ among Fortunately choosing
18. 밑줄 친 this가 가리키는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?
This is the ultimate weapon against which here are few defences. If you've got it, you need almost nothing else, neither money, looks, nor pedigree to fascinate others. It's a gift, only given to give away, and the more used the more there is. People say that a man does this through his eyes, a woman by what she hears, so no man need to be too anxious about his age. This is the rarest, least used, and most invincible of powers, which can capture with a single glance. It is close to love in that it moves without force. It snares completely, but is never punitive, it disarms by being itself disarmed, strikes without wounds, wins wars without casualties.
*pedigree: 가문, 족보
① peace ② honesty ③ power
④ charm ⑤ honor
19. 밑줄 친 bring the roof down의 의미로 가장 적절한 것은?
The most characteristic American advertisement I ever saw was an engineering firm's. "Nearly Right Is Not Enough." For a Chinese, nearly right is good enough. An American editor worries his hair gray to see that no typographical errors appear in his magazine. The Chinese editor is wiser than that. He wants to leave his readers the supreme satisfaction of discovering a few mistakes for themselves. More than that, a Chinese magazine can begin printing serial fiction and forget about it halfway. In America it might bring the roof down on the editors, but in China it doesn't matter, simply because it doesn't matter.
① 파멸을 초래하다 ② 특종을 기다리다
③ 책임을 전가하다 ④ 대수롭지 않게 여기다
⑤ 승진시키다
20. 다음은 어떤 단어에 대한 사전의 뜻풀이이다, 빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 단어로 가장 적절한 것은?
1. to take someone to a place in a car, usually without getting out of the car yourself: I can ______ the kids at school this morning.
2. to take something to a place and not stay there very long: Can I ______ this documents to you later?
3. to start to sleep: My parents usually _______ while watching television.
① go off ② take up ③ drop off
④ make out ⑤ pick up
[21-25] 다음 글을 읽고, 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
21. The child who finds a brother or sister preferred before himself acquires the habit of envy, and when he goes out into the world, he looks for injustices of which he is the victim, perceives them at once if they occur, and imagines them if they do not. Such a man is inevitably unhappy, and becomes a nuisance to his friends, who cannot be always remembering to ____________. Another misfortune in childhood which has the same result is to have parents without much parental feeling. Without having an unduly favored brother or sister, a child may perceive that the children in other families are more loved by their mother and father than he is.
① show him a better world
② overlook his offensive behavior
③ introduce him to their parents
④ avoid imaginary insults
⑤ act like a loving brother or sister
22. Changes in __________ affect language. As people become more sensitive to the rights and needs of individuals, it becomes necessary to change the words we use to describe them. The elderly are now called senior citizens. The handicapped are described as physically challenged. Many of the words we once used had negative feelings attached to them. New words show an awareness in today's society that differences are good and that everyone deserves respect. Even the names of certain jobs have changed so that workers can be proud of what they do. The trashman is now called a sanitation worker, a doorman is an attendant, and a janitor is a custodian.
① role ② attitude ③ technology
④ situation ⑤ tradition
23. The Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) has some very special working dogs. A Handler, the dog's human partner, teaches the dog ___________. A dog can use all of his senses, like hearing, seeing, and smelling. To do this, though, requires a lot of training. They are always practicing, but the dogs love it because it is what they were born to do. At the FBI, the Handler is usually an FBI Special Agent. The Agent and his or her dog work together as a team. The Handler teaches the dog to find very specific things in all kinds of weird places like in a tree, in the woods or a field, in a suitcase, in a car, on a street, in a closet, or in the water or under snow.
① what to search for
② how to hunt animals
③ how to fight each other
④ how to help catch criminals
⑤ what to do for persons with disabilities
24. When we listen to what someone is saying, we are interpreting the experience through our memory. For example, suppose your wife is speaking to you about a disagreement she had with your next‐door neighbor. If you are interpreting what you are hearing as she is speaking, you will be drawing conclusions in your mind even before she is finished. You might be thinking, "I've heard this before," or "She's always arguing with someone," or "That neighbor sure is difficult." Your experience of the moment will be affected by your assumptions and memories of the past. It is this type of listening that leads the speaker to say things like “___________,” While you may be physically present, you aren't listening fully in the moment.
① I can't believe that
② That's very strange
③ He never listens to me
④ He is a really thoughtful person
⑤ I've never thought of that before
25. One of American behavior patterns that may seem inconsistent to a foreigner is that although Americans like to talk about their accomplishments, it is their custom to show a certain modesty in replying to compliments. When someone praises an American upon achievement or personal appearance, the American turns it aside. If someone says, "That's a pretty blue necktie you are wearing," an American is likely to say, "I'm glad you like it," or "Thanks. My wife gave it to me for my birthday." Or if someone says, "Congratulations upon being elected president of the club," an American is expected to reply, "Well, ______________" or something of the sort.
① I owe a duty to society,
② I, too, think I'm pretty good,
③ it's so kind of you to say so,
④ do you think I deserve it?
⑤ I hope I can do a good job,
26. 'I'에 관한 설명 중, 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
"Monsieur Maurois!" said the concierge. "What a joy to see you after such a long time!" I had not set foot in my house for five years. I had left Paris in 1940, the day before the Nazis entered the city. In the meantime, I had lived in England, America, Algeria, Tunisia, and Italy. In 1943, I had belonged to the small French expeditionary force that reconquered Corsica But Corsica was not my home. A return to Paris was quite a different thing and much more moving. "Your poor mother! She would have been so happy to see you!" My mother had been arrested by the Gestapo. She had endured her imprisonment with patience and courage, but the excitement and happiness of liberation had been too much for her.
*concierge: 수위, 관리인
① 5년 만에 집에 돌아왔다.
② 조국 해방을 위해 싸웠다.
③ 나치가 들어오기 전날 파리를 떠났다.
④ 어머니가 독일 경찰에 체포당했다.
⑤ 어머니가 수감 생활 중에 돌아가셨다.
27. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?
One of the oldest and most active promoters of solar cooking technology ①is a group in Sacramento, California, called Solar Cookers International. The group ②was found to promote the use of low‐technology solar cookers in areas of the Third World where sunlight is abundant and fuel is scarce. ③To fund their activities, they sell solar cookers at a modest profit. With the proceeds, they send teachers to countries where the cookers are needed most and teach people there how to make and use them. When food came into the big refugee camps in Africa a few years ago, ④there wasn't much fuel with which to cook it, and solar cookers made a real difference. And you can imagine ⑤what a difference in life‐style a family can achieve if they don't have to spend hours each day collecting enough firewood to cook their meals.
28. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?
Zoos in the past often contributed to the disappearance of animal populations. Animals were cheap, and getting new ones was easier than (A) provided / providing the special diet and shelter necessary to keep captive animals alive. Recently, however, zoo directors have begun to realize that if zoos themselves are to continue, they must help save many species from extinction. As a result, some zoos have begun to redefine (B) them / themselves as places where endangered species can be protected and even revived. The Basel Zoo in Switzerland, for example, elects endangered species and encourages captive breeding. If zoos continue such work, perhaps they can, like Noah's Ark, save some of earth's wonderful creatures (C) in / from extinction.
(A) (B) (C)
① provided them in
② providing themselves from
③ provided them from
④ providing them in
⑤ provided themselves in
29. 빈칸 (A) 와 (B)에 가장 적절한 것 끼리 짝지은 것은?
One facet of this discussion we must look at is that, regardless of a professor's field of primary study, professors tend to have much more education than even the most educated of professionals and politicians. (A) , they must regularly research and acquire information, such as in the sciences or the humanities. Just because an outspoken professor is a chemist doesn't mean that he is somehow completely unable to rationally analyze the data (B) coming to a decision on politics and world affairs.
(A) (B)
① Because they instruct others involved in
② To instruct others who involve himself in
③ Instructed by others involved in
④ Having instructed others involving in
⑤ They instruct others involving in
30. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 골라 짝지은 것은?
By the 1920s, jazz (A) have / had moved into northern cities like New York and Chicago. One of the most important jazz musicians at that time was Louis Armstrong. West End Blues is a famous Armstrong song. It was first recorded in 1928. It is thought of as a song that represents the jazz of the Twenties. In the 1940s another new kind of jazz was created by trumpet player Dizzy Gillespie and saxophone player Charlie Parker. Their jazz was called `rebop' or `bebop' or just `bop'. One of the most (B) excited / exciting jazz artists today is Wynton Marsalis. Marsalis says his music is the result of growing up in (C) an age / age of many different kinds of jazz. He likes to play them all.
*beebop: 즉흥 연주를 특색으로 하는 재즈의 한 형태
(A) (B) (C)
① had exciting an age
② have exciting an age
③ have excited age
④ had excited an age
⑤ had exciting age
31. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
|
So was born the echo‐sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. |
Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role. ( ① ) To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. ( ② ) Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. ( ③ ) The further off this solid obstruction is, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. ( ④ ) A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. ( ⑤ ) A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles‐or locate flying insects on which they feed.
32. 다음 글을 쓴 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Cheongju International Airport opened only a few years ago. It's a beautiful, up-to-date facility with an advantageous location serving central Koreans. Yet I am at a loss to figure out why I can't fly from this airport to Gimhae, Gimpo or Incheon International Airport. Cheongju International Airport offers a few weekly flights to and from China and only a little more than a handful back and forth from Jeju Island. Most of the time, this airport remains idle. It seems a huge waste of human and material resources. Why is it being underused?
① to criticize ② to inform ③ to encourage
④ to advertize ⑤ to recommend
33. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
There is a new way that people can find "that special someone" without having to go on a blind date or actually meeting the person: through chatrooms on the Internet. In chat rooms people send messages back and forth to get to know one another. People can chat with people of their own age, for example, 20s or 30s, or about a certain topic such as love and romance, parenting, music, politics, television programs, collecting things like books and autographs, antiques and art, and so on. In many chat programs people can choose to write profiles about themselves. The profiles are available to all who know the screen name of the writers. After chatting over a period of time, some people decide to meet in person off line.
① The role of Chatting in Friendship
② Meeting Someone Special: Traditional Ways
③ Necessity of Proper On-line Etiquette
④ Rising Crime Rate Using the Internet
⑤ Chatting: A New Way of Finding a Partner
34. 다음 글에 나타난 남편의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A woman took her mother on a tour of Europe. After she had gone a while, her husband decided to surprise her with a call, only to realize that he didn't have her schedule. He finally got the information he needed from the travel agency. Carefully waiting until it was early morning in Italy, he put the call through, but the person who answered the phone didn't know English. Finally, after much difficulty, someone was found who understood him and rang his wife s room. A sleepy voice answered. "Good morning," the husband said brightly, determined not to sound frustrated despite the trouble and costly delays. 'This is your wake‐up call." 'Thank you," his wife replied and hung up.
① pleased ② lonely ③ scared
④ nervous ⑤ disappointed
35. 다음 광고문에서 알리고 있는 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Help Wanted
|
Workplace |
Library of Wichita State University |
|
Job Description |
Librarian for the Departments of Medical Science, Biology, and Chemistry |
|
Required Qualifications |
․AlA-accredited master's degree ․Excellent oral and written communication skills ․Knowledge of trends in academic scientific research |
|
Preferred Qualifications |
Educational background in an academic area related to the assignment |
|
Additional Notes |
․Annual salary negotiable depending on education with a minimum of $25,000 ․A letter of application including the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of three references |
① 대학에서 사서로 근무할 사람을 찾는다.
② 석사 학위가 있는 사람만 지원할 수 있다.
③ 통신 장비를 다루는 능력이 있어야 한다.
④ 화학을 전공한 사람은 우대받을 수 있다.
⑤ 신원 보증을 해 줄 사람이 3명 필요하다.
36. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Sparked by the legislature's recent refusal to grant the necessary funds, a self‐proclaimed patriotic civic group has hit its target in a campaign to finance an aborted project to compile a list of Korean traitors from Japanese colonial rule between 1910 and 1945. The Institute for Patriotic National Issues on Monday surpassed its goal of 500 million won, just 11 days after first seeking public donations. "We will stop seeking donations from the public," said Oh Yeon-ho, president and founder of online news site Ohmynews, which helped organize the campaign. "But we realized the public is with us." A total of 22,587 people by Monday morning had donated 511 million won, mostly through online money transferring, the institute said.
① independence and national spirit
② the roles of civic groups for democracy
③ the effect of Japanese colonial rule on Korea
④ the necessity of punishing Korean traitors
⑤ public support for establishing national spirit
37. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
Is love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, a matter of chance, something one "falls into" if one is lucky? I am for the former premise, while undoubtedly the majority of people today believe in the latter. Not that people think that love is not important. They are starved for it: they watch endless numbers of films about happy and unhappy love stories-yet hardly anyone thinks that there is anything that needs to be learned about love. However, we should become aware that if we want to love we should learn how to love, and that if we want to learn how to love we must proceed in the same way we have to proceed when we want to learn any other art, say music, painting, carpentry, or the art of medicine or engineering.
① 사랑은 지식과 노력이 필요한 기술이다.
② 대부분 사람들은 사랑을 믿지 않는다.
③ 사랑은 운 좋은 부딪치게 되는 행운이다.
④ 맹목적 사랑은 우리 시대의 문화적 산물이다.
⑤ 예술가의 사랑은 예술 작품으로 승화되어 나타난다.
38. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Research has shown that when people are alone they rarely laugh, even though the same example of humor makes them do so in a room full of people. There is a strong social aspect to the way people respond to humor. If you watch your favorite comedy in the presence of people who remain straight‐faced, it can stop you from finding it so funny. Because it's important to sense other people responding to humor, "canned laughter" is used for television or radio comedy. The same joke can work brilliantly in one context and die in another, as stand‐up comedians find, travelling from one place to another. Like other aspects of language, humor is a way in which people show their allegiance to a group. If someone signals his intention to say something humorous, the listeners are immediately ready to laugh.
① Laughter is the best medicine.
② A special tool makes people laugh.
③ Comedy can heal the loneliness.
④ Some people keep others from laughing.
⑤ People laugh in company.
39. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
In certain basic respects, human beings have not changed much over the past four or five thousand years. ① Ancient Egyptians loved their children, usually, but sometimes not; so it is with us. ② The ancient Greeks liked to eat and drink and sit in the sun and talk about philosophical subjects, and so do we, although we might not be so inclined to refer to the talk as philosophical. ③ Roman women enjoyed gossiping when they gathered at the public place for washing clothes; we gossip at the laundry. ④ The ancients became sick and died; so do we. ⑤ They did not have refrigerators and television sets and automobiles and computers, and we do. On the whole, they were more like us than they were different.
40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸(A)와 (B)에 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은?
Why is a fish much more efficient at moving through the water than a ship with a propeller? Well, a propeller creates a long spinning stream of water that stretches behind the ship, robbing energy and slowing the ship down. But the flapping tail of a fish is quite different. As it sweeps to one side, it creates, say, a clockwise spinning stream in the water. But when the tail flips back in the other direction, it creates an anticlockwise stream. Then, the anticlockwise vortex runs into the clockwise and when they meet they force water away from the fish. If the water is forced backwards, there's a reaction that pushes the fish forwards. Because of this marvelously simple mechanism, fish use hardly any energy to move through the water. However, making an exact copy of a fish, with a smooth and flexible body, is way beyond what we can build into the robots of today.
↓
Compared with fish, man‐made vessels have the (A) mechanism, and scientists try to make the imitation, which seems to (B) .
(A) (B)
① inferior be above modern technology
② efficient have a long way to go
③ defective be about to be achieved
④ inefficient be achieved pretty soon
⑤ superior be far beyond their ability
※ Vocabulary Drill for Practice Test
41. There was no ________ explanation for her decision.
(A) safe (B) efficient
(C) obsolete (D) reasonable
42. That was the message John seemed to _________ to the conference.
(A) convey (B) understand
(C) transport (D) include
43. She had never been known to ________ an unkind word to anyone.
(A) connect (B) indicate
(C) utter (D) hear
44. Throughout his career he showed remarkable _____________.
(A) foresight (B) future
(C) view (D) prospect
45. There is no reason why these two functions should be mutually _______________.
(A) necessary (B) exclusive
(C) comprehensive (D) debatable
46. We will soon have to confront a fundamental question.
(A) solve (B) determine
(C) prove (D) face
47. His coat of arms incorporates three apple trees.
(A) contains (B) cooperates
(C) controls (D) excludes
48. These animals spend a lot of time on the ground in troops.
(A) soldiers (B) parade
(C) packs (D) organizations
49. We must resist the enlargement of existing university programs.
(A) decrease (B) magnitude
(C) improvement (D) expansion
50. The chick becomes independent as soon as it emerges from its shell.
(A) breaks (B) comes out
(C) arises suddenly (D) occurs
정답
1. ② 2. ① 3. ② 4. ④ 5. ② 6. ⑤ 7. ② 8. ②9. ① 10. ③ 11. ① 12. ① 13. ④ 14. ③ 15. ④ 16. ⑤ 17. ② 18. ④ 19. ① 20. ③ 21. ⑤ 22. ② 23. ① 24. ③ 25. ⑤ 26. ② 27. ② 28. ② 29, ① 30. ① 31. ④ 32. ① 33. ⑤ 34. ⑤ 35. ③ 36. ⑤ 37. ① 38, ⑤ 39. ⑤ 40. ① 41. (D) 42. (A) 43. (C) 44. (A) 45. (B) 46. (D) 47. (A) 48. (C) 49. (D) 50. (B)