요즘 기운이 많이 없어서 계속 미루고 미루다가 드디어 간단하게 링크라도 걸어서 진행시켜보자고 마음먹어서 올리게 되었습니다.
그래도 예전처럼 세세하게 쓰기는 힘들거 같아서 간단하게 줄여서 써보겠습니다.
다만, 미 국무부 브리핑은 예전 페이스를 다시 되찾으려 합니다.
-----
일단 한중 정상회담. 공동성명도 없고 모두발언도 없어서 간단하게 링크만 걸어도 될 거 같습니다.
https://www.voakorea.com/a/6836598.html
// 한국과 중국 두 나라 정상은 어제(15일) 열린 회담에서 잇단 도발과 핵 위협을 높이고 있는 북한 문제에 대해 논의했습니다. 하지만 해법을 놓고 기존 시각차를 확인하는 자리였다는 평가입니다. 서울에서 김환용 기자가 보도합니다. //
// 시 주석은 윤석열 정부의 북한 비핵화 로드맵인 ‘담대한 구상’에 대해선 “북한의 의향이 관건”이라며 “북한이 호응해 온다면 담대한 구상이 잘 이행되도록 적극 지지하고 협력하겠다”고 밝혔습니다. 북한의 도발을 자제시키고 핵 위협을 포기토록 영향력을 행사해달라는 윤 대통령의 협력 요청을 시 주석이 사실상 거부했다는 분석입니다. //
// 시 주석은 또 미한 동맹과 미한일 군사 협력이 강화되는 흐름을 견제하는 발언도 했습니다. 중국 외교부의 회담 결과 발표문에 따르면 시 주석은 한중 양국 간 “전략적 소통을 강화하고 정치적 신뢰를 증진해야 한다”고 강조했습니다. ‘정치적 신뢰’와 ‘전략적 소통’이라는 표현은 주한미군 고고도 미사일 방어체계, 사드(THAAD) 갈등 국면에서 중국 측 인사들이 자주 써 온 표현입니다.
윤석열 정부가 미한 동맹과 미한일 안보협력 강화에 적극적인 태도를 보이는 데 대해 중국의 안보상 이해를 해쳐서는 안 된다는 입장을 완곡하게 전달한 것으로 해석됩니다. //
// 두 정상은 이번 회담을 통해 양국 관계를 안정적으로 관리하고자 하는 의지를 보였지만 갈등 요인들에 대해 서로의 입장을 확인하는 자리였다는 평가도 나옵니다. 윤 대통령은 북 핵 문제를 최대 관심사안으로 다루려고 한 반면 시 주석은 ‘진정한 다자주의’, ‘공급망 안정’ 등을 언급하면서 미중 전략경쟁 과정에서 한국이 미국 편에 서는 데 대한 경계심을 드러내는 데 주력했다는 겁니다.
중국 외교부의 정상회담 관련 발표문에는 북한 얘기는 아예 언급되지 않았습니다. 대신 시 주석이 양국 간 안전하고 안정적이며 원활한 글로벌 공급망을 보장하고 ‘진정한 다자주의’를 함께 실현하는 것이 중요하다고 밝힌 대목을 부각시켰습니다. //
// 한국이 문재인 전임 정부 시절의 미중 사이에서의 ‘전략적 모호성’을 벗고 미국과의 정책 동조화 움직임을 보이는 데 대해 경계심을 드러내면서 동시에 미한일 공조체제의 약한 고리로 여기는 한국을 은근히 압박하는 메시지라는 분석이 나옵니다.
통일연구원 전병곤 선임연구위원입니다.
[녹취: 전병곤 선임연구위원] “미국의 대중국 견제 전선, 한미 동맹 강화, 한미일 안보 협력 강화를 억제하는 데, 한반도 질서에서 미국 주도의 질서가 형성되는 것을 억제하는 데 한중 관계를 활용하고자 하는 그런 차이가 있습니다.”
윤 대통령은 앞서 지난 13일엔 조 바이든 미국 대통령, 기시다 후미오 일본 총리와의 미한일 3국 정상회의를 통해 미국의 인도태평양 전략에 따른 ‘중국 견제’ 장치를 다수 내포하고 있는 공동성명을 채택하기도 했습니다. 박원곤 이화여대 북한학과 교수는 이번 회담을 통해 북한의 핵 위협이 현실화하는 상황에서도 북한을 두둔하는 중국의 태도를 최고 지도자 수준에서 확인함으로써 한국은 북한의 핵 위협 대응 차원에서 미일과의 안보 협력 강화를 지속적으로 추진할 것으로 내다봤습니다. //
https://www.korea.kr/news/presidentView.do?newsId=148908367&pWise=mMain&pWiseMain=G1
// 윤 대통령은 최근 북한이 전례 없는 빈도로 도발을 지속하며 핵·미사일 위협을 고조시키고 있다고 지적하고, 안보리 상임이사국이자 인접국으로서 중국이 더욱 적극적이고 건설적인 역할을 해 주기를 기대한다고 하였습니다. 시 주석은 한중 양국이 한반도 문제에 공동이익을 가진다고 하고, 평화를 수호해야 하며, 한국이 남북관계를 적극적으로 개선해 나가기를 희망한다고 하였습니다.
시 주석은 우리의 담대한 구상에 대해 북한의 의향이 관건이라고 하면서 북한이 호응해 온다면 담대한 구상이 잘 이행되도록 적극 지지하고 협력할 것이라고 하였습니다. //
https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202211/t20221115_10975749.html
// President Xi pointed out that China and the ROK are close neighbors that will always live next to each other and cooperation partners that cannot be separated. //
// President Xi stressed the need for the two sides to increase strategic communication and political mutual trust. //
// The two sides need to accelerate negotiations on a bilateral Free Trade Agreement, deepen cooperation in such areas as high-tech manufacturing, big data and green economy, jointly uphold the international free trade system, keep the global industrial and supply chains secure, stable and unclogged, and oppose politicizing economic cooperation or overstretching the concept of security on such cooperation. //
-----
다음은 미중 정상회담.
미중 정상회담 바이든 미 대통령과 시진핑 주석의 공동 기자회견문
바이든 발언
// And as you know, I’m committed to keeping the lines of communications open between you and me personally but our governments across the board, because our two countries are — have so much that we have an opportunity to deal with.
As the leaders of our two nations, we share a responsibility, in my view, to show that China and the United States can manage our differences, prevent competition from becoming anything ever near conflict, and to find ways to work together on urgent global issues that require our mutual cooperation. //
// And the world expects, I believe, China and the United States to play key roles in addressing global challenges, from climate changes, to food insecurity, and to — for us to be able to work together.
The United States stands ready to do just that — work with you — if that’s what you desire.
So, President Xi, I look forward to our continuing and ongoing open and honest dialogue we’ve always had. And I thank you for the opportunity. //
시진핑 발언
// Since you assumed the presidency, we have maintained communication via video conferences, phone calls, and letters. But none of them can really substitute for face-to-face exchanges. And today, we finally have this face-to-face meeting. //
// As leaders of the two major countries, we need to chart the right course for the China-U.S. relationship. We need to find the right direction for the bilateral relationship going forward and elevate the relationship.
A statesman should think about and know where to lead his country. He should also think about and know how to get along with other countries and the wider world. //
// Well, in this time and age, great changes are unfolding in ways like never before. Humanity are confronted with unprecedented challenges. The world has come to a crossroads. Where to go from here — this is a question that is not only on our mind but also on the mind of all countries.
The world expects that China and the United States will properly handle the relationship. And for our meeting, it has attracted the world’s attention.
So, we need to work with all countries to bring more hope to world peace, greater confidence in global stability, and stronger impetus to common development. //
// I look forward to working with you, Mr. President, to bring China-U.S. relations back to the track of healthy and stable growth to the benefit of our two countries and the world as a whole. //
---> 나중에도 반복되는 사항입니다. 현재 시진핑 정권은 미중관계가 정상적인 궤도에서 이탈해있다고 인식하고 있습니다.
-----
미중 정상회담의 미국측 발표문
// President Biden explained that the United States will continue to compete vigorously with the PRC, including by investing in sources of strength at home and aligning efforts with allies and partners around the world. He reiterated that this competition should not veer into conflict and underscored that the United States and China must manage the competition responsibly and maintain open lines of communication. //
// President Biden underscored that the United States and China must work together to address transnational challenges – such as climate change, global macroeconomic stability including debt relief, health security, and global food security – because that is what the international community expects. //
// The two leaders agreed to empower key senior officials to maintain communication and deepen constructive efforts on these and other issues. They welcomed ongoing efforts to address specific issues in U.S.-China bilateral relations, and encouraged further progress in these existing mechanisms, including through joint working groups. They also noted the importance of ties between the people of the United States and the PRC. //
// President Biden raised concerns about PRC practices in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Hong Kong, and human rights more broadly. On Taiwan, he laid out in detail that <our one China policy> has not changed, the United States opposes any unilateral changes to the status quo by either side, and the world has an interest in the maintenance of peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait. //
---> 하나의 중국 정책은 중국버전도 있지만 미국버전도 있습니다. 언론에서는 이 차이가 언급되질 않더라구요.
// He raised U.S. objections to the PRC’s coercive and increasingly aggressive actions toward Taiwan, which undermine peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait and in the broader region, and jeopardize global prosperity. President Biden also raised ongoing concerns about <China’s non-market economic practices>, which harm American workers and families, and workers and families around the world. He again underscored that it is a priority for us to resolve the cases of American citizens who are wrongfully detained or subject to exit bans in China //
// The two leaders exchanged views on key regional and global challenges. President Biden raised Russia’s brutal war against Ukraine and Russia’s irresponsible threats of nuclear use. President Biden and President Xi reiterated their agreement that <a nuclear war should never be fought and can never be won> and underscored their opposition to the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons in Ukraine. //
// <President Biden> also raised concerns about the DPRK’s provocative behavior, noted all members of the international community have an interest in encouraging the DPRK to act responsibly, and underscored the United States’ <ironclad commitment to defending> our Indo-Pacific Allies. //
---> 이 부분은 바이든은 북한의 도밠행위들에 대해서 우려를 표했으나, 시진핑은 그러지 않은듯이 공백으로 남아 있는게 중요.
미중 정상회담의 중국측 발표문
https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202211/t20221114_10974686.html
// The two presidents had a candid and in-depth exchange of views on issues of strategic importance in China-U.S. relations and on major global and regional issues.
President Xi pointed out the current state of China-U.S. relations is not in the fundamental interests of the two countries and peoples, and is not what the international community expects. China and the United States need to have a sense of responsibility for history, for the world and for the people, explore the right way to get along with each other in the new era, <put the relationship on the right course>, and <bring it back> to the track of healthy and stable growth to the benefit of the two countries and the world as a whole. //
---> 미중관계가 정상적인 궤도에서 벗어나 있다는 시진핑 정권의 인식이 그대로 드러나 있습니다.
// President Xi expounded on the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and its key outcomes. He pointed out that the domestic and foreign policies of the CPC (중략)
China is committed to deepening and expanding global partnerships, safeguarding the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order underpinned by international law, and building a community with a shared future for mankind. China will stay committed to peaceful development, open development and win-win development, participate in and contribute to global development, and pursue common development with countries across the world. //
---> 중국이 반복하는 논리들.
// President Xi pointed out that the world is at a major inflection point in history. Countries need to both tackle unprecedented challenges and seize unprecedented opportunities. This is the larger context in which we should view and handle China-U.S. relations. China-U.S. relations should not be a zero-sum game where one side out-competes or thrives at the expense of the other. The successes of China and the United States are opportunities, not challenges (중략)
China-U.S. interactions should be defined by dialogue and win-win cooperation, not confrontation and zero-sum competition. President Xi said that he takes very seriously President Biden’s “five-noes” statement. China does not seek to change the existing international order or interfere in the internal affairs of the United States, and has no intention to challenge or displace the United States. The two sides should respect each other, coexist in peace, pursue win-win cooperation, and <work together to ensure that China-U.S. relations move forward on the right course> without losing direction or speed, still less having a collision. Observing the basic norms of international relations and the <three Sino-U.S. joint communiqués> is vitally important for the two sides to manage differences and disagreements and prevent confrontation and conflict; indeed, it is the most important guardrail and safety net for China-U.S. relations.
---> 이 3개의 미중 코뮤니케들에 대한 해석차이가 하나의 중국의 미국버전과 중국버전을 만든것으로 보입니다.
// President Xi gave a full account of the origin of the Taiwan question and China’s principled position. He stressed that the Taiwan question is at the very core of China’s core interests, the bedrock of the political foundation of China-U.S. relations, and the first red line that must not be crossed in China-U.S. relations. Resolving the Taiwan question is a matter for the Chinese and China’s internal affair. It is the common aspiration of the Chinese people and nation to realize national reunification and safeguard territorial integrity. Anyone that seeks to split Taiwan from China will be violating the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation; the Chinese people will absolutely not let that happen! We hope to see, and are all along committed to, peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, but cross-Strait peace and stability and “Taiwan independence” are as irreconcilable as water and fire. We hope that the U.S. side will match its words with action and abide by the <one-China policy> and the <three joint communiqués>. President Biden has said on many occasions that the United States does not support “Taiwan independence” and has no intention to use Taiwan as a tool to seek advantages in competition with China or to contain China. We hope that the U.S. side will act on this assurance to real effect. //
---> 미국과 중국 모두 '하나의 중국'을 말하지만 미국은 자기들 버전의 하나의 중국 정책을 가지고 있습니다. 그리고 중국도 당연히 자신들 버전의 하나의 중국을 주장하고 있습니다. 본문에서도 나온 "water and fire"라는 표현처럼 두 국가의 입장은 서로 섞일 수 없는 셈입니다. 일단 중국은 본문처럼 대만문제를 포기하지 않을 완강할 의사를 비치고 있습니다. 바이든 행정부는 어떨까요. 그건 지켜볼 수 밖에요.
// President Xi noted that freedom, democracy and human rights are the common pursuit of humanity and also the unwavering pursuit of the CPC. Just as the United States has American-style democracy, China has Chinese-style democracy; both fit their respective national conditions. The whole-process people’s democracy practiced in China is based on the country’s reality, history and culture, and it reflects people’s will. We take great pride in it. (중략)
The so-called “democracy versus authoritarianism” narrative is not the defining feature of today’s world, still less does it represent the trend of the times.
President Xi pointed out that the two countries take different paths; while the United States practices capitalism, China practices socialism. Such difference is nothing new and will continue to exist. (중략) it is vital to recognize and respect such difference. //
---> 바이든 행정부는 가치의 측면도 강조합니다. 지금의 세계는 민주주의 대 권위주의의 세상이라고도 말했죠. 그에 대한 중국의 대답은 이런셈입니다.
// Suppression and containment will only strengthen the will and boost the morale of the Chinese people. Starting a trade war or a technology war, building walls and barriers, and pushing for decoupling and severing supply chains run counter to the principles of market economy and undermine international trade rules. Such attempts serve no one’s interests. We oppose politicizing and weaponizing economic and trade ties as well as exchanges in science and technology. Under the current circumstances, China and the United States share more, not less, common interests. It is in our mutual and fundamental interest to prevent conflict and confrontation and achieve peaceful coexistence. The two economies are deeply integrated, and both face new tasks in development. It is in our mutual interest to benefit from each other’s development. It is also in our mutual interest to promote post-COVID global recovery, tackle climate change and resolve regional issues through China-U.S. coordination and cooperation. The two sides need to respect each other, pursue mutual benefit, focus on the larger picture, and nurture a sound atmosphere and stable relations for cooperation. //
---> 이 부분이 바이든 행정부의 공급망 정책을 염두에 두었다는건 너무나도 쉽게 알 수 있습니다. 그리고 바이든 행정부는 공급망정책에 정권과 미국 그 자체의 생사를 걸었기 때문에 결코 물러서지 않을 겁니다.
// President Biden said that how the U.S-China relationship develops is of crucial importance to the future of the world. The United States and China have a shared responsibility to show the world that they can manage their differences, and avoid and prevent misunderstandings and misperceptions or fierce competition from veering into confrontation or conflict. The U.S. side shares the view that it is necessary to work out the principles guiding U.S.-China relations. The two teams may continue discussions on the basis of the common understandings already in place, and strive for early agreement. The U.S. government is committed to the one-China policy. It does not seek to use the Taiwan question as a tool to contain China, and hopes to see peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait. //
---> 또다시 미국은 자기들 버전의 하나의 중국 정책을 가지고 있다고 말씀드려야 겠습니다.
// The two presidents also exchanged views on the Ukraine crisis and other issues. President Xi pointed out that China is highly concerned about the current situation in Ukraine. He noted the four points about what must be done he had proposed soon after the outbreak of the crisis and the four things the international community must do together he had suggested recently. Facing a global, composite crisis like the one in Ukraine, it is important to give serious thought to the following: first, conflicts and wars produce no winner; second, there is no simple solution to a complex issue; and third, confrontation between major countries must be avoided. China has all along stood on the side of peace and will continue to encourage peace talks. We support and look forward to a resumption of peace talks between Russia and Ukraine. At the same time, we hope that the United States, NATO and the EU will conduct comprehensive dialogues with Russia. //
---> 확실히 미국측 발표문과 같이 중국측 발표문에도 북한의 도발행위에 대한 언급은 공백으로 남아있습니다.
// Both presidents viewed the meeting as in-depth, candid and constructive. They instructed their teams to promptly follow up and implement the important common understandings reached between them, and take concrete actions to put China-U.S. relations back on the track of steady development. The two presidents agreed to maintain regular contact. //
---> 또다시 현재의 미중관계는 정상궤도에서 벗어나 있다는 시진핑 정권의 인식을 다시 각인시키면서 발표문이 끝납니다.
-----