1. be busy ～ing : ～하느라 바쁘다
She is too busy finishing her term report.
(그녀는 학기말 보고서를 마치느라 아주 바쁘다.)
2. keep (on)～ing : 계속해서 ～하다
She kept (on) nagging her husband to stop smoking.
(그녀는 남편에게 담배끊으라고 계속 잔소리했다.)
3. keep/prevent/prohibit/hinder/dissuade A from ～ing
: A가 ～하는 것을 못하게 하다.
The police prevented the protesters from going on to the building.
(경찰은 시위자들이 건물로 접근하지 못하게 했다.)
* forbid는 from과 연결해서 쓰지 못하고 항상 to 부정사와 함께 쓴다.
My mother forbade me from going near the lake.(X)
My mother forbade me to go near the lake. (O)
(어머니는 나에게 호수 가까이 가지 못하게 했다.)
4. spend ～ing : ～ 하면서 시간을 보내다
spend A on B : B를 사느라 A의 돈을 소비하다
He spent his holiday just relaxing himself at home.
(그는 그의 휴가를 집에서 쉬면서 보냈다.)
He spent more than half of his money on buying a house.
(그는 집을 사느라 그의 돈을 반 이상 썼다.)
5. above ～ing : 절대로 ～하지 않는
He is above speaking ill of others.
= He is the last man to speak ill of others.
(그는 절대로 남을 악담할 사람이 아니다.)
6. have difficulty(trouble /a hard time) (in) ～ing:～하느라 고생하다.
He had difficulty making both ends meet.
(그는 벌이 내에서 사느라 고생했다.)
7. It is no use [ good ] ～ing : ～해야 아무 소용없다
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
= It is of no use (useless) to cry over spilt milk.
(엎질러진 우유에 대해서 울어 봤자 소용없다.)
8. There is no ～ing : ～하는 것은 불가능하다
There is no predicting precisely what will happen in the future.
= It is impossible to predict precisely what will happen in the future.
(미래에 어떤 일이 일어날지 정확하게 예언하는 것은 불가능하다.)
9. cannot help ～ing = cannot but 원형 : ∼할 수밖에 없다.
We cannot help conserving nature in order to survive.
= We cannot but conserve nature in order to survive.
(생존하기 위해서는 자연을 보존하지 않을 수 없다.)
10. feel like ～ing : ～ 하고 싶다.
I feel like quitting my job and turning a new leaf.
= I feel inclined to quit my job and turn a new leaf.
(내 일을 그만두고 새 출발을 하고 싶다.)
11. make a point of ～ing : ～ 하는 것이 습관이다.
He makes a point of jogging in the morning.
= He makes it a rule to jog in the morning.
= He is in the habit of jogging in the morning.
(그는 아침에 조깅하는 것이 습관이다.)
12. it goes without saying that ～ : ～은 말할 필요도 없다.
It goes without saying that man is mortal.
= It is needless to say that man is mortal.
(사람의 생명이 유한하다는 것은 말할 필요도 없다.)
13. be far from ～ing : ～은 결코 아니다.
She was far from (being) satisfied (그녀는 결코 자기 운명에 만족하지 않았다.)
= She was never satisfied with her lot.
[ anything but / not at all / by no means / not in the least ]
14. what do you say to ～ing : ～하는 게 어떻습니까?
What do you say to having a coffee break ?
= What about [ How about ] having a coffee break ?
Let's have a coffee break.
(잠시 커피 휴식 시간을 가집시다.)
15. be on the point of ～ing : 막 ～하려고 한다
The crescent was on the point of rising.
= The crescent was about to rise.( 초생달이 막 떠오르려 했다.)
16. with a view to ～ing /for the purpose of ～ing ～할 목적으로
He went there with a view to(for the purpose of) collecting data for his study.
(그는 그의 연구를 위한 자료를 수집할 목적으로 그곳에 갔다.)
17. on ～ing : ～ 하자마자
On seeing his dead son, Cosby burst into tears.
= At the sight of his dead son, Cosby burst into tears.
(그의 죽은 아들을 보자 Cosby는 울음을 터뜨렸다.)
18. of one's own ～ing : ～ 이 직접 한
This is a profession of my own choosing.
= This is a profession chosen by myself.
This is a profession that I chose myself.
(이것은 내가 선택한 직업이다.)
19. worth ～ing=worthy of ～ing=worthwhile to ～:～할 가치가 있다.
The film is worth seeing twice.
= The film is worthy of seeing twice.
It is worthwhile to see [seeing] the film twice.
(그 영화는 두 번 볼 가치가 있다.)
20. come near ～ing : 가까스로 ～을 벗어나다
She came near being drowned.
= She narrowly escaped being drowned.
(그는 가까스로 익사를 모면했다.)
21. never (not) ～ without ～ing : ～하면 반드시 ～하다
They never meet without quarreling.(그들은 만날 때마다 싸운다.)
= They never meet but they quarrel.
Whenever they meet, they quarrel.
When they meet, they always quarrel.
Every time they meet, they quarrel.