질문 ) 샘..근데 Geography와 Geology는 어떻게 다른 거죠?
답변 ) 아래를 보시라구~ 나도 덕분에 공부 좀 했어. ㅋㅋ
지리학과 지질학의 차이
가) 지리학은 문자적으로 접근해보면 아래와 같이 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 너두 공부를 하다보면 이러한 어원적 접근이 매우 용이함을 차츰 발견하게 될 것이다.
1) 한자로 본 지리학(地理學)의 뜻 :
地 땅 + 理 이치 +學 학문 = '땅에 일어난 모든 인문,자연현상의 이치에 관한 학문'
2) 영어로 본 지리학(geography)의 뜻
geo 땅 + graphy 기술 = '땅에 일어난 모든 인문,자연현상을 기술한 학문'
나) 지질학의 경우는 아래와 같다.
1) 한자로 본 지질학(地質學)의 뜻 :
地 땅 + 質 바탕, 근본 +學 학문 = '땅의 바탕이 되는 것 즉, 지각의 구조와 구성 요소, 생성 과정을 연구하는 학문'
2) 영어로 본 지질학(geology)의 뜻:
geo 땅 + logy 학문 = '땅에 관한 학문'
가)와 나_를 종합해 볼 때 지리학은 땅의 '바깥'을 지질학은 땅의 '안'을 연구한다고 보면 아주 쉽게 구분이 갈 것이다. 알겠니? 우리학교에서 배우고 있는 부분을 가지고 구분을 해 보자면, 사회시간에 배우고 있는 지역별 기후나 문화적 특색은 지리학의 연구 결과를 반영해 만들어 진 것이고, 과학 시간에 배우고 있는 지층의 생성순서, 습곡, 부정합, 퇴적암, 광물 등은 지질학의 연구 성과를 반영해 만들어 진 것이야. 이제 알겠지? 혹시 명남샘에게 이미 물어봤다면 정리자료로 쓰렴! ^^ ㅋㅋ
영어공부를 하면서 지리학과 지질학에 대해 좀 더 자세히 알고 싶으면 아래를 보시라. 네이버 백과사전보다 훨씬 체계적으로 정리되어 나와 있단다.
1. 지리학(地理學)
1) 의미
GEOGRAPHY [geography] the science of place, i.e., the study of the surface of the earth, the location and distribution of its physical and cultural features, the areal patterns or places that they form, and the interrelation of these features as they affect humans.
2) 분류
In the study of geography two main branches may be distinguished, physical geography and human (or cultural) geography, originally anthropogeography. The first, based on the physical sciences, studies the world's surface, the distribution, delineation, and nature of its land and water areas. Climate , landforms (see geomorphology ), and soil are examined as to origin and are classified as to distribution. Drawing on the biological sciences, fauna and flora (biogeography) are brought into an areal pattern. Through the mathematical sciences the motion of the earth and its relationship to the sun (seasons), the moon (tides), and the planets are studied, as well as mapmaking and navigation.
Human geography places humans in their physical setting; it studies their relationship with that environment as well as their conscious activities and continuous progress in adapting themselves to it (and to other humans) and in transforming their environment to their needs. Human geography may in turn be subdivided into a number of fields, such as economic geography, political geography (with its 20th-century offshoot, geopolitics ), social geography (including urban geography, another 20th-century ramification), environmental perception and management, geographical cartography, geographic information systems, and military geography. Historical geography (which reconstructs geographies of the past and attempts to trace the evolution of physical and cultural features) and urban and regional planning are sometimes considered branches of geography.
2. 지질학 (地質學)
1) 의미
GEOLOGY [geology] science of the earth's history, composition, and structure, and the associated processes. It draws upon chemistry, biology, physics, astronomy, and mathematics (notably statistics) for support of its formulations.
2) 분류
Geology is divided into several fields, which can be grouped under the major headings of physical and historical geology.
Physical Geology
Physical geology includes mineralogy, the study of the chemical composition and structure of minerals; petrology, the study of the composition and origin of rocks; geomorphology, the study of the origin of landforms and their modification by dynamic processes; geochemistry, the study of the chemical composition of earth materials and the chemical changes that occur within the earth and on its surface; geophysics, the study of the behavior of rock materials in response to stresses and according to the principles of physics; sedimentology, the science of the erosion and deposition of rock particles by wind, water, or ice; structural geology, the study of the forces that deform the earth's rocks and the description and mapping of deformed rock bodies; economic geology, the study of the exploration and recovery of natural resources, such as ores and petroleum; and engineering geology, the study of the interactions of the earth's crust with human-made structures such as tunnels, mines, dams, bridges, and building foundations.
Historical Geology
Historical geology deals with the historical development of the earth from the study of its rocks. They are analyzed to determine their structure, composition, and interrelationships and are examined for remains of past life. Historical geology includes paleontology , the systematic study of past life forms; stratigraphy , of layered rocks and their interrelationships; paleogeography, of the locations of ancient land masses and their boundaries; and geologic mapping, the superimposing of geologic information upon existing topographic maps.
Historical geologists divide all time since the formation of the earliest known rocks (c.4 billion years ago) into four major divisions—the Precambrian , Paleozoic , Mesozoic , and Cenozoic eras. Each, except the Cenozoic, ended with profound changes in the disposition of the earth's continents and mountains and was characterized by the emergence of new forms of life (see geologic timescale ). Broad cyclical patterns, which run through all historical geology, include a period of mountain and continent building followed by one of erosion and, in turn, by a new period of elevation.