과거완료 진행 : had been –ing
■ When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was messy, and one of them had a black eye. They’d been fighting.
■ I was very tired when I got home. I’d been working hard all day.
■ When I went to Busan a few years ago, I stayed with a friend of mine. She’d been living there only a short time but knew the city very well.
과거완료 진행은 어떤 일이 일어나기 전에 이미 다른 어떤 일이 일어나고 있었을 때 사용한다.
■ We’d been playing tennis for about half an hour when it started to rain hard.
■ Jim went to the doctor last Friday. He hadn’t been feeling well for some time.
현재완료 진행
① I hope the bus comes soon. I’ve been waiting for 20 minutes.
② James is out of breath. He has been running.
과거완료 진행
① The bus finally came. I’d been waiting for 20 minutes.
② James was out of breath. He had been running.
과거진행과 과거완료 진행
■ It wasn’t raining when we went out. The sun was shining. But it had been raining, so the ground was wet.
■ Stephanie was sitting in an armchair resting. She was tired because she’d been working very hard.
일부 동사들은 일반적으로 진행형으로 쓰이지 않는다.
■ We were good friends. We had known each other for years.
(Grammar In Use)