*** 각도 ***
- centrad : Used mainly to measure the angle of deviation of light through a prism.
- grade : Also called the gon, mainly used in Continental Europe.
- measure : Used in ballistics to measure the angle of a shot.
- sign : Mean angular extent of one sign of the zodiac.
*** 기억장소 ***
- bit : Known as a bit or binary digit. Bit is an abbreviated name for binary digit.
*** 길이 ***
- inch : The length of the knuckle of the thumb.
- foot : 36 barleycorns from the middle of the ear.
- yard : The distance from King Edgar's nose to the tip of the middle finger of his outstretched hand.
- fathom : The length of a Viking's embrace.
- cubit : The distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. Originated from Ratin cubitum that means elbow.
- league : Originated from Ratin leuga
- mile : Originated from Ratin mille passuum which means one thousand steps.
- AU(Astronomical Unit) : The distance between earth and sun (148809300 km).
- light year : A distance light goes in vacuum with 299792 km/s
- parsec : About 3.26 light year
- A-unit : Measurement for x-ray wavelengths. Introduced by J.A. Bearden in 1965.
- barn : Measures the probability of interaction between an atomic nucleus, atom or molecule, and an incident particle.
- bicron : Infrequently used, also known as a stigma.
- bolt : As a measure, this signifies a roll of fabric, or bundle of osiers (shoots of willows used to make baskets).
- caliber : Used with firearms. Measures the width of the barrel opening and is expressed in fractions of an inch or in millimetres/millimeters.
- chih : Varies throughout China, but for custom purposes 1 ch'ih = 14.1 inches. Agreed in treaties with England and France in 1842-44 and 1858-60.
- cut : A measure of linen.
- Anstrom : Used in spectroscopy and measuring small distances, particarly atoms and molecules. Accepted temporarily for use with the SI. It is preferable to replace it with 0.1 of a nanometre (nm). The unit gets its name from Anders Jonas Angstrom from Sweden. He first attempted to measure the wavelenghs of light with metric units in 1868. Also known as tenthmetre.
- hank : Used to measure cotton yarns.
- heer : A measure of cotton and woollen yarns.
- iron(US) : A measure of leather.
- lea : A measure of cotton yarn.
- mil : Used to measure wire. The correct name is milli-inch. Also called the thou.
- parasang : Ancient Persian measure. 1 parasang = 30 stadia or 3.5 miles
- quadrant : Was designed to be the length of the earth's meridional quadrant through Dunkirk to a point close to Barcelona.
- rowland : Originally used to measure wavelengths. Has now been replaced by the angstrom, then by the nanometer.
- siegbahn unit : Measurement for x-ray wavelengths. It has been found that the siebahn unit is not accurate. Superseded by the A* unit. Also called X-unit or X-ray unit.
- siriometer : Measures distances of order greater than those in the solar system. Was meant to be the distance to the star Sirius, however this distance is now known to be 2.7 parsecs.
- spat : Use to measure distances normally within the solar system.
- thread : A measure of cotton yarn.
- UK yard : The old value of the yard, as defined in the Weights and Measures Act of 1878. The length defined in the act, is measured from a bronze bar, fitted with gold plugs. Unfortunately, the bar is contracting at a rate approximately 1e-6 inches per year.
- US yard : Primarily used for land-surveying. Differs to the yard defined by the American Standards Association, which is primarily used for industrial and scientific purposes. 1 yard = 3600/3937 m
*** 면적 ***
- acre : Area of farm two cows can cultivate a day
- barn : Especially used to measure cross sections of atomic nuclei.
- base box : Used in metal plating.
- ching : Value agreed on by China, with England and France in treaties of 1842-44 and 1858-60.
- tan(cloth) : Japanese unit "tan" is 10m times 34cm of cloth that is suitable for a man's cloth.
- homestead : The Homestead Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1862, granted 160 acres (65 ha) of public land in the West as a homestead to "any person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and is a citizen of the United States, or who shall have filed his declaration of intention to become such."
- load : A measure of timber, based on 1 inch planks.
- open window unit : Measures the equivalent absorption area of a surface to a sound. Better known as a sabin.
*** 속도 ***
- knot : Originated from the custom of seamen who measure the speed of ship by counting the number of knots (ties) emerging a rope with knots (nautical miles (haeri) /hour).
*** 통화 ***
- 1 dollar = 100 cents.
- 1 pound = 100 pence.
- 1 franc = 100 centimes.
- 1 peso = 100 centavos.
- Australia adopted the dollar and decimal system in 1966.
- Austria : 1 schilling = 100 groschen.
- Canada adopted the dollar and decimal system in 1878.
- China Yuan : Also called the renminbi. 1 yuan = 100 fen.
- Denmark : 1 krone = 100 ore.
- Finland : 1 markka = 100 pennia.
- Germany : 1 Deutsche mark = 100 pfennige.
- Greece : 1 drachma = 100 lepta.
- India : 1 rupee = 100 paise.
- Indonesia : 1 rupiah = 100 sen.
- Kuwait : 1 dinar = 1,000 fils.
- Malaysia : 1 ringgit = 100 sen.
- Netherlands Guilder : Also known as a gulden or florin. 1 guilder = 100 cents.
- New Zealand adopted the dollar and decimal system in 1967.
- Norway : 1 krone = 100 ore.
- Oman : 1 rial = 1,000 baiza.
- Papua New Guinea : 1 kina = 100 toea.
- Portugal : 1 escudo = 100 centavos
- South Africa : 1 rand = 100 cents.
- Spain : 1 peseta = 100 centimos.
- Sri Lanka : 1 rupee = 100 cents.
- Sweden : 1 krona = 100 ore.
- Thailand : 1 baht = 100 satangs.
- U.S. dollar : Based on a Spanish coin that was circulated in the U.S. colonies, the dollar was adopted in 1792.
- Vanuatu Vatu : 1 vatu = 100 centimes.
*** 일률 ***
- donkey power : 1/3 horse power, approximately.
- var : Reactive power of an alternating current.
*** 온도 ***
- Celsius : The name celsius was adopted in honor of the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-44) in 1948 by the Ninth General (World) Conference on Weights and Measures. The unit was formerly known as centigrade.
- Fahrenheit : The melting point of ice is specified as 32 deg F and the normal boiling point of water 212 deg F. Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) introduced the scale around 1720.
- Kelvin : The kelvin scale is defined so that 0 kelvin is the coldest theoretical temperature. The name comes from physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron of Kelvin, who first proposed an absolute temperature scale.
- Rankine : The rankine scale is defined so that 0 rankine is the coldest theoretical temperature. One degree rankine is equal to one degree fahrenheit in magnitude. Named from the Scottish engineer William John Macquorn Rankine.
- Reaumur : Formerly widely used in Europe and particularly in France, and originated by Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur (1683-1757).
*** 시간 ***
- Gaussian year : From Kepler's laws, based on the distance to the sun being one astronomical unit.
- Gregorian year : Calender year, with 97 intercalated days every 400 years.
- Julian year : Calender year with an intercalated day every four years.
- Nodical year : Duration for two consecutive passages of the earth, though ascending or descending node of its orbit.
- Sidereal year : With reference to the stars, the earth returns to the same point in its orbit.
- Solar year : Time taken for the sun to make two appearances at Aries.
- Tropical year : Duration of two consecutive passages, in the same direction, of the sun through the earths equatorial orbit.
*** 부피 ***
- anker : 10 Winchester wine gallons. Often used to measure: honey, oil, spirits, vinegar, and wine.
- aum : For measuring hock.
- bag : A measure of patatoes. Can be 4 or 5 bushels.
- barn gallon : A measure of milk.
- barrique : A measure of wine.
- board foot : A measure of 4 ft X 4 ft X 1 in. used to measure wood.
- chaldron(UK) : Used for measuring coal, coke, etc. Variously equal to 32, 36 or more bushels.
- chest : A measure of olive oil.
- comb(coomb) : A measure of timber.
- cord : Mainly used to measure timber.
- cran(e) : A measure of fresh herrings.
- firkin : Used to measure ale or beer, and is 1/4 of a barrel.
- jar : A measure of olive oil.
- keg : A measure of sturgeons. The value varies from 4 to 5 gallons.
- kilderkin : Also known as a kinderkin, and refers to a small barrel, particularly of ale, or beer
- last : A measure of grains.
- magnum : A measure of a bottle, usually twice the standard size.
- measure : Used in mixing cocktails.
- pin : A measure of ale, or beer.
- pipe : Measure of a cask or to measure wine or oil.
- runlet : Also spelt rundlet. Used to measure honey, oil, spirits, vinegar and wine.
- seam : A sack of eight bushels, a horse load.
- stack : Measure of timber, fuel.
- standard : Measure of timber.
- tierce : A measure of honey, oil, spirits, vinegar or wine.
- trug : A measure of wheat.
- tun : Measure of wine.
*** 질량 ***
- atomic mass unit (chemical) : One-sixteenth of the weighted average mass of the three naturally occurring neutral isotopes of oxygen. Also called the chemical mass unit, and formerly the atomic weight unit.
- atomic mass unit (international) : The mass of the matter in a carbon-12 atom is refered to as 12 amu (atomic mass units), or 12 daltons.
- atomic mass unit (physical) : One-sixteenth of the mass of a neutral oxygen-16 atom.
- bag (East Indies) : A measure of sugar. Can be 1 to 1.75 cwt.
- barge : A measure of coal.
- carat : First adopted by the 4CGPM of 1907, for commercial transations in diamonds, pearls and other precious stones. Standardised by the U.S. in 1913, as 200 mg, and subsequently adopted by most other countries.
- case : A measure of mace (dried covering of nutmeg). Can vary locally.
- cental : UK name. In the US, the cental is known as the short hundredweight. Also known as the centner, or quintal.
- dalton : The mass of the matter in a carbon-12 atom is refered to as 12 amu (atomic mass units), or 12 daltons.
- metric grain : Commercial transactions of diamonds, pearls and other precious stones.
- point : Standardised by the U.S. in 1913, 0.01 carat, and subsequently adopted by most other countries.
- stand : A measure of pitch (substance distilled from tar or turpentine, used for caulking the seams of ships). Varies from 2.5 to 3 cwt.
*** Conductance ***
- siemens : The name siemens was also used in Germany for the unit of resistance, up until the 1930's. Also known as the absolute siemens. SI, Metric.
*** Quantity of electricity ***
- faraday : The charge necessary to liberate one gram-equivalent/gramme- equivalent of a substance in electrolysis.
- line : Electric flux associated with a charge of one franklin.
*** Current ***
- ampere : The ampere is the unvarying electric current that, when flowing in each of two parallel straight conductors of infinite length of negligible circular cross section separated by a distance of one metre/meter from each other in a vacuum, produces between these conductors a force equal to 0.0000002 newton per metre/meter length of conductor. SI, Metric.
- galvat : The name of this unit was proposed for use as the international unit of current, but never used as such.
*** Electric force ***
- volt : The potential difference between two points of a conducting wire, carrying a constant current of one amp?e/ampere, with the power dissipated is one watt. Also known as an absolute volt. SI, Metric.
- daniell : Intended to be the electromotive force of a Daniell cell, but is now an obsolete unit.
*** 전기 저항 ***
- ohm : Named after Georg Simon Ohm. Also known as the absolute ohm. SI, Metric.
*** 자기장 ***
- international tesla : Offically abandoned in 1948.
*** Luminous intensity ***
- carcel : The measure of a Carcel lamp burning calza oil.
- hefnerkerze : The German measure of luminous intensity from 1884 to 1940. Replaced by the candela.
- international standard candle : Average of candle standards of the US, UK and France.
*** Absorbed dose (mass enthalpy) ***
- gray : Named after Robert Whytlaw-Gray who with William Ramsay in 1908, isolated the 86th element radon (Rn).
*** Activity ***
- Becquerel : Named after French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), who in 1903 was co-winner of the Nobel Prize for physics with Marie and Pierre Curie for their discovery of radioactivity.
- curie : Named after the Marie (1867-1934),and Pierre (1859-1906) Curie, who in 1903, shared the Nobel Prize for physics for their joint discovery of radioactivity. Marie also won a second Prize in 1911 in Chemistry for the isolation of pure radium.
- Rutherford : Named after the New Zealand physicist Sir Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), who formed many of the modern day views on the nature of matter.
*** 노출(quantity of unit electricity) ***
- roentgen : Named after the German physicist, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845- 1923), who, in 1901 won the first Nobel Prize for physics after his discovery of X-rays.
- skin erythema dose : The dose which, three weeks after exposure, slightly reddens or browns the skin in eighty percent of cases.
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